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Course of Tic Disorders Over the Lifespan

  • Tourette’s Syndrome (M Yadegar and E Ricketts, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

To summarize and update information on the course of tic disorders from childhood through later life.

Recent Findings

Tics tend to improve substantially over the first year after they appear. However, contrary to widespread opinion, tics usually last longer than 1 year, though usually at minimal severity. Tics often wane to clinical insignificance over the teen years, possibly resurging occasionally over the lifespan. However, in an important minority of patients, tics remain clinically relevant throughout life. Tics rarely first come to clinical attention later in adulthood, but new reports describe additional such cases.

Summary

Recent publications have shown tics to persist past a few months more often than previously thought, though often at minimal severity, and recurrence after an asymptomatic period is common. The safety and efficacy of behavior therapy for tics, together with prospective indicators of early prognosis, make feasible the possibility of bettering the lifetime course of tic disorders with early intervention.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Acknowledgements

A draft of this article was archived at the Open Science Framework [73]

Funding

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01MH104030 and R01MH118217.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Kevin J. Black, Soyoung Kim & Nancy Y. Yang

  2. Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Kevin J. Black

  3. Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Kevin J. Black

  4. Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Kevin J. Black

  5. Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    Deanna J. Greene

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Black, K.J., Kim, S., Yang, N.Y. et al. Course of Tic Disorders Over the Lifespan. Curr Dev Disord Rep 8, 121–132 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-021-00231-3

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