Abstract
Bone-eating Osedax worms can quickly colonize exposed bones and are important ecosystem engineers in whale fall communities, contributing to cause of bone degradation. This study shows that the deep SW Atlantic margin harbors many Osedax species. Using DNA barcoding, we found four putative new lineages as well as O. frankpressi Rouse, Goffredi, and Vrijenhoek, 2004 and O. braziliensis Fujiwara, Jimi, Sumida, Kawato, & Kitazato, 2019, with assemblages varying with depth. It is probable that the bathymetric distributions of these species are controlled by different water masses and their directions of flow. The haplotype network of Atlantic and Pacific O. frankpressi populations suggests segregation between populations, as is also seen in the high FST. However, the low p distance between both populations and the few substitution sites separating haplogroups from both regions (Atlantic and Pacific) could be evidence that populations of both basins are somehow close to each other. It is likely that whale fall habitats exist between both populations analyzed, connecting both basins.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the Masters and crews of R/V Alpha Crucis and R/V Alpha Delphini from IOUSP during the deployment and the recovering of SP-1500 lander. We are also indebted to the Brazilian Navy and the Master and crew of PRV Almirante Maximiano for the help during the recovering of the other landers. We also thank the editor, Dr. Craig R. Smith, and the two anonymous reviewers for the comments on the manuscript. MS was supported by CAPES/Proex PhD scholarship.
Funding
This study was funded by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) into the Research Program on Biodiversity Characterization, Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use (BIOTA Program)—grant number 2011/50185-1.
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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. All new COI sequences of Osedax were deposited in GenBank and the accession numbers are detailed in Table 2.
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Shimabukuro, M., Sumida, P.Y.G. Diversity of bone-eating Osedax worms on the deep Atlantic whale falls—bathymetric variation and inter-basin distributions. Mar. Biodivers. 49, 2587–2599 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-00988-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-00988-2