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Regional concentration and national economic growth in Brazil and Chile

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Abstract

This paper investigates the hypothesis that the spatial concentration of economic activity might impair national growth, using the experiences of Brazil and Chile. In the first stage we have used regional data to estimate country-specific models in which regional growth is conditioned by a set of controls, considering population density as a measure of concentration. The results of this stage show that population density has a negative effect on the growth of Brazilian and Chilean regions. In the second stage we have simulated the impact of the actual changes in population observed in the regions within these countries between 1980 and 2010. Using the new densities, we have recalculated the growth of the regions, generating a new national growth rate as a weighted average of the estimated growth of the regional economies. The regional deconcentration observed in Brazil produced less negative results in terms of national growth. While the Chilean increasing spatial concentration resulted in negative effects for national growth: the national GDP growth rate was reduced by 0.8% on a yearly basis. These results replicate the findings of Brülhart and Sbergami (J Urb Econ 65:48–63, 2009) for Brazil and Chile in their cross-section of countries. Working with regional data within the countries allowed determine the gains/losses in the national GDP growth rate, and to point out the effects on each region within the countries.

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Fig. 1

Source Own elaboration based on data and code by Brülhart and Sbergami (2009)

Fig. 2

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Notes

  1. We thank the authors for providing the information and the code.

  2. As for robustness, besides estimating the model with a system of equations via the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM SYS), we have also tried Fixed Effects and Random Effects, and cross-section and panel models for 5-year windows. Although some variables changed significance and, eventually, signs, the results relevant to this study, that is, lagged income and density, came up almost the same.

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Acknowledgements

The corresponding author acknowledge the support of FONDAP-CONICYT Chile 15130009, FONDECYT Chile 1171230 and RIMISP - IDCR Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Avda. Padre Alberto Hurtado 750, Viña del Mar, Chile

    Patricio Aroca

  2. Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Carlos Azzoni

  3. Universidad Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile

    Mauricio Sarrias

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  1. Patricio Aroca
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  2. Carlos Azzoni
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  3. Mauricio Sarrias
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Correspondence to Patricio Aroca.

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Aroca, P., Azzoni, C. & Sarrias, M. Regional concentration and national economic growth in Brazil and Chile. Lett Spat Resour Sci 11, 343–359 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12076-018-0217-2

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