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Role of genomic imprinting in mammalian development

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Abstract

Non-mendelian inheritance refers to the group of phenomena and observations related to the inheritance of genetic information that cannot be merely explained by Mendel’s laws of inheritance. Phenomenon including Genomic imprinting, X-chromosome Inactivation, Paramutations are some of the best studied examples of non-mendelian inheritance. Genomic imprinting is a process that reversibly marks one of the two homologous loci, chromosome or chromosomal sets during development, resulting in functional non-equivalence of gene expression. Genomic imprinting is known to occur in a few insect species, plants, and placental mammals. Over the years, studies on imprinted genes have contributed immensely to highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications and the epigenetic circuitry during gene expression and development. In this review, we discuss the phenomenon of genomic imprinting in mammals and the role it plays especially during fetoplacental growth and early development.

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Abbreviations

SNP:

single nucleotide polymorphism

ncRNA:

non-coding RNA

ICR:

imprint control region

DMR:

differentially methylated region

gDMR:

germline DMR

dpc:

days post coitum

lncRNA:

long non-coding RNA

eRNA:

enhancer RNA

sDMR:

somatic DMR

IG-DMR:

intergenic DMR

ART:

assisted reproductive techniques

ICSI:

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

IVF:

in vitro fertilization

IGN:

imprinted gene network

PGC:

primordial germ cells

TGC:

trophoblast giant cells

BPA:

bisphenol A

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Acknowledgements

TT and VA are recipient of Senior Research Fellowships from the Department of Biotechnology and CSIR, India, respectively, toward the pursuit of a PhD degree of the Manipal University, Manipal. The work on genomic imprinting in SK laboratory was initially supported by a grant from The Wellcome Trust. Research in SK laboratory is also supported by grants from DBT, SERB, DST and CDFD. Figure 2 was created using Biorender.com.

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  1. Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India

    Thushara Thamban, Viplove Agarwaal & Sanjeev Khosla

  2. Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

    Thushara Thamban & Viplove Agarwaal

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  1. Thushara Thamban
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Correspondence to Sanjeev Khosla.

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Thamban, T., Agarwaal, V. & Khosla, S. Role of genomic imprinting in mammalian development. J Biosci 45, 20 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-019-9984-1

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