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Three-Dimensional Echocardiography of the Mitral Valve: Lessons Learned

  • Echocardiography (RM Lang, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Three-dimensional echocardiography has markedly improved our understanding of normal and pathologic mitral valve (MV) mechanics. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of three-dimensional (3D) data on the mitral valve could have a clinical impact on diagnosis, patient referral, surgical strategies, annuloplasty ring design and evaluation of the immediate and long-term surgical outcome. This review covers the contribution of 3D echocardiography in the diagnosis of MV disease, its role in selecting and monitoring surgical procedures, and in the assessment of surgical outcomes. Moreover, advantages of this technique versus the standard 2D modality, as well as future applications of advanced analysis techniques, will be reviewed.

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Abbreviations

2D:

Two-dimensional

3D:

Three-dimensional

LV:

Left ventricular

MA:

Mitral annulus

MR:

Mitral regurgitation

MV:

Mitral valve

RT3D:

Real-time three-dimensional

TEE:

Transesophageal echocardiography

TTE:

Transthoracic echocardiography

VCA:

Vena contracta area

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Conflict of Interest

Francesco Maffessanti declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Oana Mirea declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Gloria Tamborini declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Mauro Pepi declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea, 4, 20138, Milan, Italy

    Francesco Maffessanti, Oana Mirea, Gloria Tamborini & Mauro Pepi

  2. Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania

    Oana Mirea

  3. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

    Mauro Pepi

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  1. Francesco Maffessanti
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  2. Oana Mirea
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  3. Gloria Tamborini
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  4. Mauro Pepi
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Correspondence to Francesco Maffessanti.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Echocardiography

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Maffessanti, F., Mirea, O., Tamborini, G. et al. Three-Dimensional Echocardiography of the Mitral Valve: Lessons Learned. Curr Cardiol Rep 15, 377 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-013-0377-z

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