Abstract
The establishment of multi-planning integration (MPI) and an orderly spatial planning system has been identified as one of the most important issues in China. Since 2014, 28 counties and cities have been selected as typical examples in China to launch MPI pilots. The Hainan Island MPI pilot is the only one that contains coastal waters, which makes it particularly valuable to coastal zone management research. In this paper, we present a qualitative study of the Hainan Island MPI pilot to gain insights into the methodological approaches of the MPI framework that have led to the integration of dozens of diverse planning initiatives in this coastal area, and summarize the significance of advancing integrated coastal zone management. The findings were drawn from comparisons of previous coastal spatial management scenarios, interviews of MPI-related government officials, and an overlay analysis of MPI achievements conducted using ArcGIS. These findings revealed that, as it was conducted in a coastal province, the Hainan Island MPI pilot considered the substantial relationship between the sea and the land, and the MPI advanced the coastal management through the use of several reform measures, including setting up the framework of an overall planning system to unify previous planning conflicts, forming a blueprint to optimize the coastal land and sea conservation and development, establishing a new provincial spatial management agency to instruct all spatial management, strengthening the legislation to guarantee the legal status of MPI, establishing a planning inspection mechanism to contain illegal land and sea use, establishing a comprehensive information platform to make spatial management convenient, and promoting the reform of an administrative approval system to accelerate the examination of coastal activity. Moreover, this study emphasizes the need for an integrated land and marine spatial planning framework to mitigate the conflicts of sectoral management to achieve more efficient coastal management, and MPI could be one option for the same; however, a more integrated planning method should be explored to further reflect the integrity of the coastal resources and environment.
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Notes
Thus far, MPI has not been clearly defined, but experts generally believe that MPI is a planning method that integrates the plans of all the sectors and establishes unified development objectives and the spatial blueprint. It is a platform that utilizes the informationization means to achieve overall spatial development and more efficient spatial management (People’s Daily 2016).
Data is from the provincial government internal work information.
Data is from the provincial government internal work information.
Primary ecological function area is the area within ecological protection red lines and needs strict control; it is the core skeleton of the ecological function and ecological security, including Class I red line and Class II red line areas. It shall not engage in any form of development and construction in the Class I red line area, implementing strict space utilization control in the Class II red line area. The Class I red line area includes the core area and the buffer zone of nature reserves, wild species distribution area, other very important biodiversity protection red line area, Class I and Class II protected areas of drinking water sources, very important water conservation red line area, very important soil and water conservation red line area, and the coastal zone natural protection area. The Class II red line area includes the experimental area of nature reserves, aquatic germplasm resources protection area, other important biodiversity conservation red line area, drinking water source quasi-protected area, important water conservation red line area, lake area protection red line area, riverfront protection red line area, important soil and water conservation red line area, geological park, forest park, wetland park, coastal zone ecological buffer zone, and the nuclear safety buffer zone.
Secondary ecological function area refers to the area that needs ecological indicator control; it includes agricultural and forestry production space and important ecological space. A secondary ecological function area mainly includes cultivated land, forest land, water area, and other important ecological space outside the primary ecological function area.
Coastal water ecological function area is divided into Class I and Class II red line areas. The Class I red line area mainly includes the core area and the buffer zone of marine nature reserves, and the protection range of the territorial sea base point. The Class II red line area mainly includes the experimental area of marine nature reserves, marine special protection area, marine protection area of provincial marine functional zoning, coastal zone control area (seaward side), coral reef main distribution area, seaweed bed main distribution area, mangrove main distribution area, part of the lagoon, important river estuaries, natural landscape and historical and cultural relics, important shoreline and adjacent waters, important fishery waters, aquaculture area of marine functional zoning, and ecological reserves to maintain the natural ecological space attributes. To guarantee urban construction and port infrastructure construction, the shoreline and the sea area of urban and port construction are excluded from red line area planning.
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Zhao, X., Jia, P. Multi-planning integration advancing coastal zone management: a case study from Hainan Island, China. J Coast Conserv 23, 869–875 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-018-0667-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-018-0667-0