Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Stored Energy in Nickel Cold Rolled to Large Strains, Measured by Calorimetry and Evaluated from the Microstructure

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

High-purity polycrystalline nickel (99.99 pct purity) was cold rolled to equivalent von Mises strains from 1.4 to 4.5 (70 to 98 pct reduction in thickness). The stored energy of the deformed samples was measured using both microstructural parameters obtained from transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For the microstructure-based estimate of the stored energy, the required parameters are the misorientation angles across, and the spacings between the dislocation boundaries and high-angle boundaries present after deformation. It was found that the stored energy determined from both TEM and DSC investigations increased linearly with strain, with the latter being larger by a factor of between 1.9 and 2.7. This difference can be reduced by considering the contribution to the stored energy from other sources.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. JEOL is a trademark of Japan Electron Optics Ltd., Tokyo.

  2. In the NETZSCH evaluation, the recrystallization peak was also used to characterize the stored energy in copper.

References

  1. M.B. Bever, D.L. Holt, A.L. Titchener: Prog. Mater Sci., 1973, vol. 17, pp. 1–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. D. Rönnpagel, C. Schwink: Acta Metall., 1978, vol. 26, pp. 319–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. E. Woldt, D. Juul Jensen: Metall. Trans. A, 1995, vol. 26A, pp. 1717–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. L.M. Clarebrough, M.E. Hargreaves, G.W. West: Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 1955, vol. 232, pp. 262–70

    Google Scholar 

  5. B. Hutchinson, S. Jonsson, L. Ryde: Scripta Metall., 1989, vol. 23, pp. 671–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. F. Bell: Arch. Eisenhüttenwesen, 1965, vol. 36, pp. 745–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Zahia, F. Salhi, J. Aride, D. Monya-Siesse, G. Moya: J. Alloys Compd., 1992, vol. 188, pp. 264–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. R.O. Williams: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1962, vol. 224, pp. 719–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. I. Baker, L. Liu, D. Mandal: Scripta Metall., 1995, vol. 32 (2), pp. 167–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. F. Bell, O. Krisement: Acta Metall., 1962, vol. 10, pp. 80–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. L.M. Clarebrough, M.E. Hargreaves, G.W. West: Philos. Mag., 1953, vol. 44, pp. 913–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Godfrey, W.Q. Cao, N. Hansen, Q. Liu: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2005, vol. 36A, pp. 2371–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Godfrey, N. Hansen, D. Juul Jensen: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, vol. 38A, pp. 2329–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Godfrey, Q. Liu, D. Juul Jensen, and N. Hansen: Proc. 25th Risø Int. Symp., C. Gundlach, K. Haldrup, N. Hansen, X. Huang, D. Juul Jensen, T. Leffers, Z.J. Li, S.F. Nielsen, W. Pantleon, J.A. Wert, and G. Winther: 2004, pp. 317–22

  15. T. Ungar, H. Mughrabi, D. Rönnpagel, M. Wilkens: Acta Metall., 1984, vol. 36, pp. 333–42

    Google Scholar 

  16. T. Ungar, E. Schafler, P. Hanák, S. Bernstorff, and M. Zehetbauer: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, doi:10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.156

  17. D.A. Hughes, N. Hansen: Metall. Trans. A, 1993, vol. 24A, pp. 2021–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. The Periodic System of the Elements, Linde Press, Aarhus, Denmark, 1993

  19. D.A. Hughes, N. Hansen: Acta Mater., 2000, vol. 48, pp. 2985–3004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. W.T. Read, W. Shockley: Phys. Rev., 1950, vol. 78, pp. 275–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. L.E. Murr: Interfacial Phenomena in Metals and Alloys, Addison-Wesley, London, 1975, Chap. 3

  22. A. Godfrey, D.A. Hughes: Mater. Charact., 2002, vol. 48, pp. 89–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Godfrey, D.A. Hughes: Acta Mater., 2000, vol. 48, pp. 1897–1905

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. P. Gordon: Trans. AIME, 1955, vol. 203, pp. 1043–52

    Google Scholar 

  25. D. Mandal, I. Baker: Scripta Metall., 1995, vol. 33 (5), pp. 831–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. G. Gottstein, H. Steffen, H. Wollenberger: Scripta Metall., 1973, vol. 7 pp. 451–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. D. Michell, E. Lovegrove: Philos. Mag., 1960, vol. 5, pp. 499–518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. D. Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 1989, vol. 113, pp. 1–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. N. Hansen, D. Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1986, vol. 81, pp. 141–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hütte , Des Ingenieurs Taschenbuch Theoretische Grundlagen, 28th edition, Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin, 1955, p. 1048

  31. O.V. Mishin, D. Juul Jensen, N. Hansen: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2003, vol. A342, pp. 320–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. N. Hansen: Scripta Mater., 2004, vol. 51, pp. 801–06

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J.S. Koehler: Phys. Rev. B, 1970, vol. 2 (2), pp. 547–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. K. Ikeda, K. Yamada, N. Takata, F. Yoshica, H. Nakashima, and N. Tsuji: Proc. 25th Risø Int. Symp., C. Gundlach, K. Haldrup, N. Hansen, X. Huang, D. Juul Jensen, T. Leffers, Z.J. Li, S.F. Nielsen, W. Pantleon, J.A. Wert, and G. Winther, eds., Risoe National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 2004, pp. 357–62

  35. A.R. Jones, B. Ralph, N. Hansen: Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 1979, vol. 368, pp. 345–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Two of the authors (TK and NH) gratefully acknowledge the Danish National Research Foundation for supporting the Center for Fundamental Research: Metal Structures in Four Dimensions, within which this work was performed. Two other authors (AG and QL) acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support under Contract Nos. 50571049 and 50571051. The authors are also grateful to Dr Wolfgang Pantleon for his help in full discussions and for proposing the use of Eq. [11].

Author information

Author notes

  1. W.Q. Cao (Ph.D Student, Post Doctor)

    Present address: Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Monash, VIC 3800, Australia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Fundamental Research: Metal Structures in Four Dimensions, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark

    T. Knudsen (Ph.D Student) & N. Hansen (Doctor Techn.)

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

    W.Q. Cao (Ph.D Student, Post Doctor)

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China

    A. Godfrey (Professor)

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China

    Q. Liu (Professor)

Authors
  1. T. Knudsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W.Q. Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Godfrey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Q. Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. N. Hansen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Knudsen.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted May 15, 2007.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Knudsen, T., Cao, W., Godfrey, A. et al. Stored Energy in Nickel Cold Rolled to Large Strains, Measured by Calorimetry and Evaluated from the Microstructure. Metall Mater Trans A 39, 430–440 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9421-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9421-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation