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Seasonality of bruxism: evidence from Google Trends

  • Dentistry • Original Article
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Abstract

Objective

Seasonality of bruxism and its symptoms has not been tested and reflects a major niche in our understanding and the epidemiology of bruxism. Our aim is to use the Google Trends data to examine whether there was a seasonal pattern in the Google search volumes of bruxism and its symptoms on a population basis.

Methods

In the observational, ecological research, we interrogated Google Trends for the following query terms: [bruxism] and [teeth grinding + teeth clenching] to obtain the internet search query volume. These queries were searched within the USA, the UK, Canada, and Australia from January 2004 to December 2017.

Results

The cosinor analysis showed statistically significant seasonal patterns in [bruxism] in the USA (amplitude {A} = 1.91, p = 0.003), Canada (A = 1.91, p < 0.001), and Australia (A = 2.25, p < 0.001), and a trend towards a seasonal variation in the UK (A = 1.11, p = 0.032), with a peak in the winter months and trough in the summer months. Similarly, a statistically significant seasonal variation was found in [teeth grinding + teeth clenching] in the USA (A = 5.54, p < 0.001), the UK (A = 4.36, p < 0.001), and Australia (A = 3.11, p < 0.001), and a trend towards a seasonal variation in Canada (A = 1.53, p = 0.034). The peaks in winter and troughs in summer were reversed by 6 months in countries of northern hemisphere compared to Australia. Time series plots emphasized the consistency of seasonal trend that was ascertained in the cosinor analysis, by repeating in nearly all years.

Conclusion

The preliminary evidence showed a seasonal variation in bruxism and its symptoms, with a peak in the winter months. This novel finding in bruxism epidemiology requires to be verified with clinical studies, and further researches are necessary to elucidate the potential mechanism behind seasonal variation in bruxism.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Kadriye Gümüş, medical writer, for English editing of the manuscript. The authors also thank Prof. G. Dave Singh, DDSc, Ph.D., DMD, for his help with this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey

    Sinan Kardeş

  2. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Elif Kardeş

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  1. Sinan Kardeş
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Correspondence to Sinan Kardeş.

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Electronic supplementary material

Supplementary file 1

The Google Trends graphs for the search queries of [teeth grinding], [teeth clenching], [teeth grinding + teeth clenching], and [bruxism] for the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia from January 01, 2004 to December 31, 2017 (Graphs source: Google Trends, www.google.com/trends, accessed on May 26, 2018). (PDF 284 kb)

Supplementary file 2

The Google Trends data for our study’s primary search query (teeth grinding + teeth clenching) for New Zealand, and Ireland from January 01, 2004 to December 31, 2017 (Source: Google Trends, www.google.com/trends, accessed on May 26, 2018). (PDF 73 kb)

Supplementary file 3

The CSV file that was downloaded from Google Trends for the United States. (CSV 3 kb)

Supplementary file 4

The CSV file that was downloaded from Google Trends for the United Kingdom. (CSV 3 kb)

Supplementary file 5

The CSV file that was downloaded from Google Trends for Canada. (CSV 3 kb)

Supplementary file 6

The CSV file that was downloaded from Google Trends for Australia. (CSV 3 kb)

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Kardeş, S., Kardeş, E. Seasonality of bruxism: evidence from Google Trends. Sleep Breath 23, 695–701 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-019-01787-6

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