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Cooperative effect of two amino acid mutations in the coat protein of Pepper mild mottle virus overcomes L 3-mediated resistance in Capsicum plants

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Abstract

We found that an L 3 resistance-breaking field isolate of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), designated PMMoV-Is, had two amino acid changes in its coat protein (CP), namely leucine to phenylalanine at position 13 (L13F) and glycine to valine at position 66 (G66V), as compared with PMMoV-J, which induces a resistance response in L 3-harboring Capsicum plants. The mutations were located to a CP domain corresponding to the outer surface of PMMoV particles in computational molecular modeling. Analyses of PMMoV CP mutants containing either or both of these amino acid changes revealed that both changes were required to efficiently overcome L 3-mediated resistance with systemic necrosis induction. Although CP mutants containing either L13F or G66V could not efficiently overcome L 3-mediated resistance, these amino acid changes had different effects on the elicitor activity of PMMoV CP. L13F caused a slight reduction in the elicitor activity, resulting in virus restriction to necrotic local lesions that were apparently larger than those induced by wild-type PMMoV, while G66V rendered wild-type PMMoV the ability to overcome L 3-mediated resistance, albeit with a lower efficiency than PMMoV with both changes. These results suggest that a cooperative effect of the L13F and G66V mutations on the elicitor activity of CP is responsible for overcoming the L 3-mediated resistance.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Mrs. Harumi Takahashi and Ms. Nozomi Takahashi for plant growth and maintenance. We also thank the Iwate Plant Protection Office and Mizusawa Agricultural Extension Services in Iwate Prefecture for sampling PMMoV-infected plants. This study was supported by the prefectural government of Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

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Author notes

  1. Hiroyuki Hamada

    Present address: National Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan

  2. Kazumi Suzuki

    Present address: School of Environmental Science, University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan

    Hiroyuki Hamada, Reiko Tomita, Kappei Kobayashi, Ikuko Munemura & Kazumi Suzuki

  2. Iwate Agricultural Research Center, 20-1 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan

    Yasuya Iwadate

  3. Kochi Agricultural Research Center, 1100 Hataeda, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-0023, Japan

    Shigeharu Takeuchi

  4. Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan

    Yasufumi Hikichi

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  1. Hiroyuki Hamada
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Correspondence to Hiroyuki Hamada.

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Hamada, H., Tomita, R., Iwadate, Y. et al. Cooperative effect of two amino acid mutations in the coat protein of Pepper mild mottle virus overcomes L 3-mediated resistance in Capsicum plants. Virus Genes 34, 205–214 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-006-0049-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-006-0049-9

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