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Fostering inclusive, sustainable economic growth and “green” skills development in learning cities through partnerships

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Abstract

One of the requirements of building a learning city is working to ensure its sustainable development. In 2014, UNESCO developed a framework of the key features of learning cities, at the centre of which there are six pillars or “building blocks” which support sustainable development. This article focuses on the third of these pillars, “effective learning for and in the workplace”. The author analyses a number of conditions to address this aspect in the context of “green restructuring” which is geared towards facilitating the sustainable development of learning cities. She argues that, at the conceptual level, an understanding of the nature of “green skills” (what they are) and the reasons for “green skills gaps” (why they exist) are essential for the processes of effective learning and strategy planning in sustainable city development. The specific focus of this article is at the policy level: the conceptualisation of partnerships between technical and vocational education and training (TVET) providers, industry, government and other stakeholders with the aim of fostering the production, dissemination and usage of knowledge for the purpose of sustainable economic development and the “greening” of skills. The author proposes a new model, based on the quintuple helix approach to innovation combined with a policy goals orientation framework to theorise the ways in which learning cities can foster sustainable economic growth through green skills development.

Résumé

Valoriser croissance économique inclusive et durable et « compétences vertes » dans les villes apprenantes via les partenariats – La création d’une ville apprenante implique entre autres de faire le nécessaire pour garantir son développement durable. L’UNESCO a élaboré en 2014 un cadre de référence pour la ville apprenante, reposant sur six piliers ou « éléments constitutifs principaux » qui soutiennent le développement durable. Le présent article se penche sur le troisième de ces piliers, « Apprentissage efficace pour l’emploi et sur le lieu de travail » . L’auteure analyse un certain nombre de conditions pour aborder cet aspect dans le contexte de la « restructuration verte » destinée à faciliter le développement durable dans les villes apprenantes. Elle établit qu’il est essentiel, pour les processus d’apprentissage efficace et de programmation stratégique dans la création d’une ville durable, de cerner au niveau conceptuel la nature des « compétences vertes » (de quoi il s’agit) et les raisons du déficit en pratiques écologiques (pourquoi il existe). L’article se concentre spécifiquement sur le niveau des politiques: la conceptualisation de partenariats entre prestataires en enseignement et formation techniques et professionnels (EFTP), industrie, gouvernement et autres parties prenantes, qui poursuivent le but de faciliter la production, la diffusion et l’utilisation des connaissances servant le développement économique durable et l’écologisation des compétences. L’auteure propose un nouveau modèle fondé sur l’approche de l’hélice quintuple de l’innovation, associé à un cadre d’orientation des objectifs stratégiques. Ce dernier théorise les moyens par lesquels la ville apprenante peut soutenir la croissance économique durable à travers l’acquisition des compétences vertes.

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Fig. 1

Source: Carayannis et al. (2012).

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Notes

  1. The “greening” of business and industry refers to initiatives that promote economic growth which decreases environmental impact through applying operational practices which minimise the use of materials, energy and water, and reduce waste and emissions.

  2. “Green restructuring” is the “pro-active restructuring of the economy in a way that respects planetary boundaries” (Schmitz and Becker 2013). It is closely related to developing the environmental sector (e.g. waste management, green transport, green construction, alternative energy, organic agriculture); to closing down highly polluting industries (e.g. coal mining) and to greening existing businesses and industries.

  3. Information about some of these programmes is available (in English) on the following websites: CarbonSmart Programme https://hkpc.org/en/corporate-info/subsidiaries/sz-hk-productivity-training-institute/248-corp-info/press-releases/press-releases-2012/3697-carbonsmart-helps-businesses-shape-a-low-carbon-future; Green Manufacturing Alliance http://www.gma.org.hk/questcms/main/main.php; Cleaner Production Partnership Programme https://www.cleanerproduction.hk/en_index.asp; Pilot Green Transport Fund http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/prob_solutions/pilot_green_transport_fund.html; and Mandatory Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme https://www.gov.hk/en/residents/environment/energy/mandatorylabel.htm [all accessed 13 April 2018].

  4. According to the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities, a learning city “is a city which effectively mobilizes its resources in every sector to promote inclusive learning from basic to higher education; revitalize learning in families and communities; facilitate learning for and in the workplace; extend the use of modern learning technologies; enhance quality and excellence in learning; and foster a culture of learning throughout life. In so doing it will create and reinforce individual empowerment and social cohesion, economic and cultural prosperity, and sustainable development” (UNESCO GNLC 2015, p. 9).

  5. This is explained in more detail in the main part of this article.

  6. However, in a narrow sense, skills are confined to “technical capacity”.

  7. The term soft skills refers to interpersonal or “people” skills. Examples include behaving with respect (verbally and non-verbally) towards colleagues, being a good listener, being helpful. Soft skills are complemented by hard skills, which are related to job content and are acquired by formal education, apprentice- and internships, on-the-job training etc.

  8. Occupational and business chain analyses refer to analyses of the key functions someone should be able to carry out in the different types of occupations within a specific sector to support greening at all steps of the business chain (the full range of activities that brings a product or service from conceptualisation, production and delivery to consumption and disposal).

  9. The term “gloCal”, used by Carayannis and Campbell, merges global and local, thus referring to something which has wider as well as more immediate implications.

  10. Typically, tertiary education refers to post-high school such as college or university.

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Acknowledgements

The work presented in this paper was fully supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. HKIEd 18601515).

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Correspondence to Margarita Pavlova.

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Pavlova, M. Fostering inclusive, sustainable economic growth and “green” skills development in learning cities through partnerships. Int Rev Educ 64, 339–354 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-018-9718-x

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