Skip to main content
Log in

Energy consumption modelling of optical networks

  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simple, generic measurement-based power consumption model is described and is shown to apply to equipment, networks and services. This model is used to construct power consumption estimates for a diverse range of network scenarios including customer premises equipment and access, edge and core networks and services provided over a network.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Vanclay, F.: Impact assessment and the triple bottom line: competing pathways to sustainability. In: Cheney, H., Katz, E., Solomon, F. (eds.) Sustainability and Social Science, Roundtable Proceedings. Institute for Sustainable Futures, CSIRO, Sydney (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  2. For example see: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/index_en.htm

  3. For example see: http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/carbon-neutral/ncos

  4. Coroama, V., Hilty, L.: Assessing internet energy intensity: a review of methods and results. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 45, 63 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Van Heddeghem, W., et al.: Power consumption modelling in optical multilayer networks. Photon. Netw. Commun. 24(2), 86 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Baliga, J. et al.: Energy consumption of wired and wireless access networks. IEEE Commun. Mag., 70 (2011)

  7. Taal, A., et al.: Storage to energy: modelling the carbon emission of storage tasks offloading between data centers. In: IEEE 11th Annual Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CNCC) (2014)

  8. Chowdhury, P., et al.: On the design of energy-efficient mixed-line rate (MLR) optical networks. J. Lightwave Technol. 30(1), 130 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Elmirghani, J., et al.: GreenTouch greenmeter core networks power consumption model and results. IEEE Online GreenCommun. (2014)

  10. Fallahpour, A., et al.: Energy efficient and spectrum assignment with regenerator placement in elastic optical networks. J. Lightwave Technol. 32(10), 2019 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Niccolini, L., et al.: Building a power-proportional software router. In: Proceedings of the 2012 USENIX, (2012)

  12. Barroso, L., Holze, U.: The case for energy-proportional computing. IEEE Comput., 33 (2007)

  13. Kharitonov, D.: Time-domain approach to energy efficiency: high performance network elements in design. IEEE Globecom Workshop (2009)

  14. Vishwanath, A.: Estimating the energy consumption for packet processing, storage and switching in optical-IP routers. In: Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC 2013, 1016 (2013)

  15. Vishwanarh, A., et al.: Modelling energy consumption in high-capacity routers and switches. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. (2014)

  16. Auer, G., et al.: Earth project, deliverable D2.3. In: Energy efficiency analysis of the reference systems, areas of improvements and target breakdown 7th Framework Programme (2010)

  17. Jalali, F., et al.: Energy consumption of photo sharing in online social networks. In: 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing

  18. Lange, C., Kosiankowski, D., Weidmann, R., Gladisch, A.: Energy consumption of telecommunications networks and related improvement options. IEEE JSTQE 17(2), 285 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang, Y., Tornatore, M., Choudhury, P., Murkherji, B.: Energy optimisation in IP-over-WDM networks. Opt. Switch. Netw. 8, 171 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Idzikowski, F., et al.: Saving energy in IP-over-WDM networks by switching off line cards in low-demand scenarios. In: Proceedings 14th Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM), p. 42 (2010)

  21. Baliga, J., et al.: Energy consumption of optical IP networks. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 27(13), 2391 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Jalali, F., et al.: Energy Consumption Comparison of Nano and Centralised Data Centres. ACM Sigmetrics 2014, Austin (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  23. GreenTouch White Paper. GreenTouch GreenMeter study: reducing the net energy consumption in communications networks by up to 90 % by 2020, June 2013 (www.greentouch.org)

  24. Hormann, P., Campbell, L.: Data storage energy efficiency in the Zettabyte Era. Ajtde 2(3), 51.1 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Basmadjian, R., et al.: A methodology to predict the power consumption of servers in data centres. In: Proceedings ACM SIG Communication, e-energy (2011)

  26. Avelar, V., Azevedo, D., French, A., (eds).: \({PUE^TM}\): a comprehensive examination of the metric. The green grid White Paper, 49 (2012)

  27. Imran, M., Katranaras, E., (eds.): Energy efficiency analysis of the reference systems, areas of improvements and target breakdown, Earth Deliverable D2.3 2010, (https://www.ict-earth.eu/publications/deliverables/deliverables.html)

  28. Guerin, R., et al.: Equivalent capacity and its application to bandwidth allocation in high-speed networks. IEEE JSAC 9(7), 968 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Giambene, G.: Queuing Theory and Telecommunications: networks and Applications. Springer, Berlin (2014)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  30. Makkes, M., et al.: A decision framework for placement of applications in clouds that minimises their carbon footprint. J. Cloud Comput., 2(21) (2013)

  31. Cisco: Best practice in core network capacity planning. White Paper (2013) (www.cisco.com)

  32. Fisher, W., Suchara, M., Rexford, J.: Greening backbone networks: reducing energy consumption by shutting off cables in bundled links. In: Proceedings of the first ACM SIGCOMM workshop in Green Networking, p. 29 (2010)

  33. Vitesse White Paper: Building an edge/access router with the GigaStream VSC874 Queue Manager (2005)

  34. Edge-Core Networks Corporation, Product Catalogue 2013 ( www.edge-core.com)

  35. Coroama, V., et al.: The direct energy demand of internet data flows. J. Ind. Ecol. 17, 680 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kilper, D., et al.: Power trends in communication networks. IEEE JSTQE 17(2), 275 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Greenpeace: Clicking clean: how companies are creating the Green internet. www.greenpeace.org (2014)

  38. Google green: http://www.google.com/green/

  39. Facebook: carbon and energy impact. https://www.facebook.com/green/app_439663542812831

  40. Apple: Environmental responsibility report. 2014 Progress Rep. (2014)

  41. Microsoft. Becoming carbon neutral: how Microsoft is becoming Lean, Green and Accountable (2012)

  42. Baliga, J., et al.: Green cloud computing: balancing energy in processing, storage and transport. Proc. IEEE 99, 149 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Clark, D.: Google discloses carbon footprint for the first time. The guardian, Sept 9th (2011) (http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/sep/08/google-carbon-footprint)

  44. Cisco power consumption calculator. http://tools.cisco.com/cpc

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kerry Hinton.

Appendix

Appendix

The equipment parameters used to derive the numerical results in this paper are based on the equipment listed in Table 2. The data in the table were gathered using Cisco’s power consumption calculator [44].

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hinton, K., Jalali, F. & Matin, A. Energy consumption modelling of optical networks. Photon Netw Commun 30, 4–16 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0491-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0491-5

Keywords

Navigation