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Medication-related problems among adult chronic kidney disease patients in a sub-Saharan tertiary hospital

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Abstract

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are prone to medication-related problems (MRPs). Few studies address the clinical relevance of MRPs among CKD patients in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective

To investigate the frequency and predictors of MRPs among adult CKD patients treated at a tertiary care facility in an urban sub-Saharan setting.

Setting

Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.

Method

A cross-sectional study involving 60 adult patients with CKD was carried out. Data were collected through structured interviews and patient chart reviews between April 2016 and June 2016. MRPs identified from the collected data were classified according to Hepler and Strand classification. The frequencies of the identified MRPs were computed and logistic regression used to investigate the associations between the MRPs and covariates in the data. Main outcome measures: frequencies and predictors of MRPs.

Results

271 MRPs were identified. The commonest MRPs were drug interactions (21.8%), indication without drug (18.1%) and medication non-adherence (15.5%). Compared to patients with CKD stage 3, patients with CKD stage 4 were 5.9 times more likely to have an improper drug selection and 4.7 times more likely to experience overdosage. Other significant predictors of MRPs were the number of medications per prescription and the number of comorbidities per patient.

Conclusion

This study found a high frequency of MRPs among patients with chronic kidney disease receiving care in urban sub-Saharan tertiary hospital settings. The predictors of MRPs among CKD patients in this setting are likely to be multifactorial and include the CKD stage, polypharmacy, and comorbidities.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge our participants at the Kenyatta National Hospital renal clinic and medical wards. Special thanks to respective matrons.

Funding

The study was partially funded by the Kenyatta National Hospital Research and Programs Department and the University of Nairobi. The funding organizations had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors (all of them) declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 46996-00100, Nairobi, Kenya

    Lisper Wangeci Njeri

  2. Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, USA

    William Otieno Ogallo

  3. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya

    David Gitonga Nyamu & Sylvia Adisa Opanga

  4. Department of Pharmacy, Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 334-00618, Nairobi, Kenya

    Alfred Rugendo Birichi

Authors
  1. Lisper Wangeci Njeri
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  2. William Otieno Ogallo
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  3. David Gitonga Nyamu
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  4. Sylvia Adisa Opanga
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lisper Wangeci Njeri.

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Njeri, L.W., Ogallo, W.O., Nyamu, D.G. et al. Medication-related problems among adult chronic kidney disease patients in a sub-Saharan tertiary hospital. Int J Clin Pharm 40, 1217–1224 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-018-0651-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-018-0651-7

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