With the rapid development of high-performance self-compacting fiber-reinforced concrete materials, advanced numerical modeling tools have become necessary to design optimum materials and structures. A simulation framework that includes numerical modeling of the flow of a high-performance self-compacting fiber-reinforced concrete mortar during the casting process, calculation of local fiber orientation based on the deformation gradient in the mortar, and impact modeling taking into account the local fiber orientation is proposed. A new method to calculate the probability of fiber orientation distribution by particle tracking and approximation of particle motion using the deformation gradient is proposed. A discrete lattice modeling technique, with a nonlinear strain-rate- and local-fiber-orientation-dependent constitutive law for a numerical impact modeling is proposed. Single- and three-point concrete casting techniques are numerically simulated, and results are compared with experimental measurements, showing a good agreement. The numerical models revealed that fiber orientation and the impact resistance of beams strongly depended on the casting technology of the self-compacting concrete. The numerical model proposed can be used to design efficient concrete casting technologies ensuring the necessary fiber orientation in load-bearing structures..
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Abrishambaf, V. M. C. F. Cunha, and J. A. O. Barros, “A two-phase material approach to model steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete in panels,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 162, 1-20 (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.04.043.
E. V. Sarmiento, M. A. N. Hendriks, M. R. Geiker, and T. Kanstad, “Modeling the influence of the fibre structure on the structural behaviour of flowable fibre-reinforced concrete,” Eng. Struct., 124, 186-195 (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j. engstruct.2016.05.053
V. M. C. F. Cunha, J. A. O. Barros, and J. M. Sena-Cruz, “An integrated approach for modeling the tensile behaviour of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete,” Cem. Concr. Res., 41, 64-76 (2011). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres. 2010.09.00
M. Roy, C. Hollmann, and K. Wille, “Influence of volume fraction and orientation of fibers on the pullout behavior of reinforcement bar embedded in ultra high performance concrete,” Constr. Build. Mater., 146, 582-593 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.08
J. Sliseris, H. Andrä M. Kabel, B. Dix, B. Plinke, O. Wirjadi, et al., “Numerical prediction of the stiffness and strength of medium density fiberboards,” Mech. Mater., 79, 73-84 (2014). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2014.08.005.
J. Sliseris, H. Andrä, M. Kabel, B. Dix, and B. Plinke, “Virtual characterization of MDF fiber network,” Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod., 75, 397-407 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-016-1075-5.
B. Zhou and Y. Uchida, “Influence of flowability, casting time and formwork geometry on fiber orientation and mechanical properties of UHPFRC,” Cem. Concr. Res., 95, 164-177 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.017.
R. Deeb, B. L. Karihaloo, and S. Kulasegaram, “Reorientation of short steel fibres during the flow of self-compacting concrete mix and determination of the fibre orientation factor,” Cem. Concr. Res., 56, 112-120 (2014). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cemconres.2013.10.002.
F. Kolařík, B. Patzák, and L. N. Thrane, “Modeling of fiber orientation in viscous fluid flow with application to self-compacting concrete,” Comput. Struct., 154, 91-100 (2015). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2015.03.007
W. Ren, Z. Yang, R. Sharma, C. Zhang, and P. J. Withers, “Two-dimensional X-ray CT image based meso-scale fracture modeling of concrete,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 133, 24-39 (2015). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.10.016
A. Qsymah, R. Sharma, Z. Yang, L. Margetts, and P. Mummery, “Micro X-ray computed tomography image- based two-scale homogenisation of ultra high performance,” Fibre Reinf. Concrete, 130, 230-240 (2016).
Y. Su, C. Wu, J. Li, Z.-X. Li,and W. Li, “Development of novel ultra-high performance concrete: From material to structure,” Constr. Build. Mater., 135, 517-528 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.175.
M. Singh, A. H. Sheikh, M. S. Mohamed Ali, P. Visintin, and M. C. Griffith, “Experimental and numerical study of the flexural behaviour of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete beams,” Constr. Build. Mater., 138, 12-25 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.002.
M. Bruggi, “Generating strut-and-tie patterns for reinforced concrete structures using topology optimization,” Comput. Struc., 87, 1483-1495 (2009). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2009.06.003
B. Sun, X. Wang, and Z. Li,. “Meso-scale image-based modeling of reinforced concrete and adaptive multi-scale analyses on damage evolution in concrete structures,” Comput. Mater. Sci., 110, 39-53 (2015). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci. 2015.07.050.
G. F. Zhao, “Developing a four-dimensional lattice spring model for mechanical responses of solids,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 315, 881-895 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2016.11.034
J. Šliseris, L. Gaile, and L. Pakrastiņš, “Deformation process numerical analysis of T-stub flanges with pre-loaded bolts,” Procedia Eng., 172, (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.173.
J. Sliseris, “Numerical analysis of reinforced concrete structures with oriented steel fibers and re-bars,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 194, 337-349 (2018). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.03.017.
N. H. T. Nguyen, H. H. Bui, G. D. Nguyen, J. Kodikara, S. Arooran, and P. Jitsangiam, “A thermodynamics-based cohesive model for discrete element modeling of fracture in cemented materials,” Int. J. Solids Struct., 117, 159-176 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2017.03.027
C. Jiang, G. F. Zhao, and N. Khalili, “On crack propagation in brittle material using the distinct lattice spring model,” Int. J. Solids Struct., 118-119, 1339-1351 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2017.04.024
A. Yaghoobi and M. G. Chorzepa, “Fracture analysis of fiber reinforced concrete structures in the micropolar peridynamic analysis framework,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 169, 1-13 (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.11.004
J. Smith, G. Cusatis, D. Pelessone, E. Landis, J. O’Daniel, and J. Baylot, “Discrete modeling of ultra-high-performance concrete with application to projectile penetration,” Int. J. Impact Eng., 65, 13-32 (2014). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.10.008
N. Banichcuk, “Optimization problems for elastic anisotropic bodies,” Arch. Mech., 3, 347-363 (1981).
P. Pedersen, “On optimal orientation of orthotropic materials,” Struct. Optim., 1, 101-106 (1989).
J. Lellep and J. Majak, “Nonlinear constitutive behavior of orthotropic materials,” Mech. Compos. Mater., 36, No. 4, 261-264 (2000).
J. Lellep and J. Majak, “On optimal orientation of nonlinear elastic orthotropic materials,” Struct. Optim., 14, 116-120 (1997).
M. Rovati and A. Taliercio, “Stationarity of the strain energy density for some classes of anisotropic solids,” 40, 6043-6075 (2003). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00371-8
J. Majak and M. Pohlak, “Optimal material orientation of linear and non-linear elastic 3D anisotropic materials,” Meccanica, 45, 671-680 (2010).
J. Majak and M. Pohlak, “Decomposition method for solving optimal material orientation problems,” Compos. Struct., 92, 1839-1845 (2010). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.01.015.
D. Jeong and J. Kim, “Conservative Allen–Cahn–Navier–Stokes system for incompressible two-phase fluid flows,” Comput. Fluids, 156, 239-246 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2017.07.009
Z. Z. Hu, D. Greaves, and A. Raby, “Numerical wave tank study of extreme waves and wave-structure interaction using OpenFoam®,” “Ocean Eng., 126, 329-342 (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.09.017
L. F. Chen, J. Zang, A. J. Hillis, G. C. J. Morgan, and A. R Plummer, “Numerical investigation of wave–structure interaction using OpenFOAM,” Ocean Eng., 88, 91-109 (2014). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.06.003
J. Šliseris, L. Gaile, and L. Pakrastiņš, “Numerical analysis of behaviour of cross laminated timber (CLT) in blast loading,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 251 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/251/1/012105
J. Sliseris, L. Yan, and B. Kasal, “Numerical modeling of flax short fibre reinforced and flax fibre fabric reinforced polymer composites,” Composites: Part B., 89, 143-154 (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.11.038
A. K. Someh and N. Saeki, “Prediction for the stress-strain curve of steel fiber reinforced concrete,” Trans. Japan Concr. Inst., 18, 175-182 (1996).
D. Y. Yoo, N, Banthia, S. T. Kang, and Y. S. Yoon, “Effect of fiber orientation on the rate-dependent flexural behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete,” Compos. Struct., 157, 62-70 (2016). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct. 2016.08.02
D. Y. Yoo, N. Banthia, S. W. Kim, and Y. S. Yoon, “Response of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete beams with continuous steel reinforcement subjected to low-velocity impact loading,” Compos. Struct., 126, 233–245 (2015). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.02.058
Acknowledgements
The financial support of European Regional Development Fund project Nr.1.1.1.1/16/A/007 “A New Concept for Sustainable and Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings” is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 43-60, January-February, 2019.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sliseris, J., Korjakins, A. Numerical Modeling of the Casting Process and Impact Loading of a Steel-Fiber-Reinforced High-Performance Self-Compacting Concrete. Mech Compos Mater 55, 29–40 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11029-019-09789-x
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11029-019-09789-x