Skip to main content
Log in

Normal Forms for an Age Structured Model

  • Published:
Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we apply the recently developed normal form theory for abstract Cauchy problems with non-dense domain in Liu et al. (J Diff Equ 257:921–1011, 2014) to study normal forms for an age structured model. We provide detailed computations for the Taylor’s expansion of the reduced system on the center manifold, from which explicit formulae are given to determine the direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability and amplitude of the bifurcating periodic solutions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anita, S.: Analysis and Control of Age-Dependent Population Dynamics, Mathematical Modelling: Theory and Applications 11. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2000)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Bertoni, S.: Periodic solutions for non-linear equations of structure populations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 220, 250–267 (1998)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Chu, J., Ducrot, A., Magal, P., Ruan, S.: Hopf bifurcation in a size structured population dynamic model with random growth. J. Diff. Equ. 247, 956–1000 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Chow, S.-N., Li, C., Wang, D.: Normal Forms and Bifurcation of Planar Vector Fields. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1994)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Cushing, J.M.: Bifurcation of time periodic solutions of the McKendrick equations with applications to population dynamics. Comput. Math. Appl. 9, 459–478 (1983)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Cushing, J.M.: An Introduction to Structured Population Dynamics. Conference Series in Applied Mathematics, vol. 71. SIAM, Philadelphia (1998)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Diekmann, O., Heesterbeek, J.A.P.: Mathematical Epidemiology of Infective Diseases: Model Building, Analysis and Interpretation. Wiley, New York (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Ducrot, A., Magal, P., Ruan, S.: Projectors on the generalized eigenspaces for partial differential equations with time delay. In: Mallet-Paret, J., Wu, J., Yi, Y., Zhu, H. (eds.) Infinite Dimensional Dynamical Systems. Fields Institute Communications, vol. 64, pp. 353–390. Springer, New York (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Eckmann, J.-P., Epstein, H., Wayne, C.E.: Normal forms for parabolic partial differential equations. Ann. Inst. H. Poincar é Phys. Théor. 58, 287–308 (1993)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Faria, T., Magalhães, L.T.: Normal forms for retarded functional differential equations with parameters and applications to Hopf bifurcations. J. Diff. Equ. 122, 181–200 (1995)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Faria, T., Magalhães, L.T.: Normal forms for retarded functional differential equations and applications to Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation. J. Diff. Equ. 122, 201–224 (1995)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Guckenheimer, J., Holmes, P.: Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systems, and Bifurcations of Vector Fields. Springer, New York (1983)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Hassard, B.D., Kazarinoff, N.D., Wan, Y.-H.: Theory and Applications of Hopf Birfurcation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1981)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Hoppenstead, F.: Mathematical Theories of Populations: Demographics, Genetics and Epidemics. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia (1975)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  15. Iannelli, M.: Mathematical Theory of Age-Structured Population Dynamics. Appl. Math. Monographs C. N. R., vol. 7. Giadini Editori e Stampatori, Pisa (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kokubu, H.: Normal forms for parametrized vector fields and its application to bifurcations of some reaction diffusion equations. Jpn. J. Appl. Math. 1, 273–297 (1984)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Kostova, T., Li, J.: Oscillations and stability due to juvenile competitive effects on adult fertility. Comput. Math. Appl. 32(11), 57–70 (1996)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Kuznetsov, Y.A.: Elements of Applied Bifurcation Theory. Springer, New York (1998)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu, Z., Magal, P., Ruan, S.: Hopf bifurcation for non-densely defined Cauchy problems. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 62, 191–222 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu, Z., Magal, P., Ruan, S.: Center-unstable manifolds for non-densely defined Cauchy problems and applications to stability of Hopf bifurcation. Can. Appl. Math. Q. 20, 135–178 (2012)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu, Z., Magal, P., Ruan, S.: Normal forms for semilinear equations with non-dense domain with applications to age structured models. J. Diff. Equ. 257, 921–1011 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Magal, P.: Compact attractors for time-periodic age structured population models. Electron. J. Diff. Eq. 2001, 1–35 (2001)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Magal, P., Ruan, S.: On integrated semigroups and age structured models in \(L^{p}\) spaces. Diff. Integral Eq. 20, 197–239 (2007)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Magal, P., Ruan, S.: On semilinear Cauchy problems with non-dense domain. Adv. Diff. Equ. 14(11/12), 1041–1084 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Magal, P., Ruan, S.: Center manifolds for semilinear equations with non-dense domain and applications on Hopf bifurcation in age structured models. Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 202, 951 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Mallet-Paret, J., Sell, G.R.: Systems of differential delay equations: Floquet multipliers and discrete Lyapunov functions. J. Diff. Equ. 125, 385–440 (1996)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Mallet-Paret, J., Sell, G.R.: The Poincaré-Bendixson theorem for monotone cyclic feedback systems with delay. J. Diff. Equ. 125, 441–489 (1996)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Metz, J.A.J., Diekmann, O.: The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, vol. 68. Springer, Berlin (1986)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Perthame, B.: Transport Equations in Biology. Birkhäuer, Basel (2007)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Prüss, J.: On the qualitative behavior of populations with age-specific interactions. Comput. Math. Appl. 9, 327–339 (1983)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Smith, H.L.: Monotone Dynamical Systems, An Introduction to the Theory of Competitive and Cooperative Systems, Mathematical Surveys and Monographs 41. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Swart, J.H.: Hopf bifurcation and the stability of non-linear age-dependent population models. Comput. Math. Appl. 15, 555–564 (1988)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Thieme, H.R.: Semiflows generated by Lipschitz perturbations of non-densely defined operators. Diff. Integral Equ. 3, 1035–1066 (1990)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Thieme, H.R.: “Integrated semigroups” and integrated solutions to abstract Cauchy problems. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 152, 416–447 (1990)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Thieme, H.R.: Mathematics in Population Biology. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2003)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Thieme, H.R.: Differentiability of convolutions, integrated semigroups of bounded semi-variation, and the inhomogeneous Cauchy problem. J. Evol. Equ. 8, 283–305 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Webb, G.F.: Theory of Nonlinear Age-Dependent Population Dynamics. Marcel Dekker, New York (1985)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Research of Jixun Chu was partially supported by NSFC (No. 11401021). Research of Zhihua Liu was partially supported by NSFC (Nos. 11471044 and 11371058). Research of Pierre Magal was partially supported by the French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs program France-China PFCC EGIDE (20932UL). Research of Shigui Ruan was partially supported by NSF (DMS-1412454).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shigui Ruan.

Additional information

Dedicated to Professor John Mallet-Paret on the occasion of his 60th birthday.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chu, J., Liu, Z., Magal, P. et al. Normal Forms for an Age Structured Model. J Dyn Diff Equat 28, 733–761 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-015-9500-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-015-9500-8

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classfication

Navigation