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Non-metal modified TiO2: a step towards visible light photocatalysis

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Abstract

Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is a versatile photocatalytic approach to degrade various environmental pollutants. Among many photocatalysts used in AOP such as ZnO, TiO2, ZrO2, ZnS, CdS; TiO2 is the most widely adopted semiconductor material. TiO2 is a wide band gap material and absorb in UV spectrum which is a narrow region in the sun light. This benchmark makes it a less efficient photocatalyst under sunlight irradiation. To enhance the photocatalytic efficiency, the absorption band of photocatalyst should be modified in such a way that it leads to maximum absorption in the solar spectrum. The doping of nonmetals such as N, C, P and S etc. shift the band edge of the semiconductors towards the visible region and thus increases the photon absorption which successively enhances the photocatalytic efficiency. In this review, we have focused on effect of nonmetal doping on the properties and photocatalytic activity of the TiO2. Influence of various aspects such as synthesis procedure, doping source, concentration of dopant, calcination etc. are also explored towards alteration in properties and photocatalytic efficiency of nonmetals doped TiO2.

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Fig. 1
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(Reproduced with permission from Saharudin et al. [5]. Copyright 2014 Elsevier)

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(Reproduced with permission from Shao et al. [19]. Copyright 2015 Elsevier)

Fig. 8

(Reproduced with permission from Barolo et al. [118]. Copyright 2007 American Chemical Society)

Fig. 9

(Reproduced with permission from Cong et al. [124]. Copyright 2007 American Chemical Society)

Fig. 10

(Reproduced with permission from Iwase et al. [149]. Copyright 2013 Elsevier)

Fig. 11

(Reproduced with permission from Iwase et al. [149]. Copyright 2013 Elsevier)

Fig. 12

(Reproduced with permission from Wang et al. [147]. Copyright 2015 Royal Society of Chemistry)

Fig. 13

(Reproduced with permission from Wang et al. [147]. Copyright 2015 Royal Society of Chemistry)

Fig. 14

(Reproduced with permission from Rockafellow et al. [55]. Copyright 2009 Elesiver)

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors, Anuj Mittal greatly recognize the financial aid in the form of SRF from CSIR, New Delhi, India (Award No.: 09/382(0177)/2016-EMR-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India

    Anuj Mittal, Shankar Sharma, Vijaya Kumari & Naveen Kumar

  2. Institut de Disseny per la Fabricació Automatitzada -Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain

    Bernabe Mari

  3. Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chottu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, India

    Sanjeev Maken & Kavitha Kumari

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Mittal, A., Mari, B., Sharma, S. et al. Non-metal modified TiO2: a step towards visible light photocatalysis. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30, 3186–3207 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-00651-9

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