We thank Dr. Altundag for his comments on our recent meta-analysis [1]. In his Letter, Dr. Altundag rightly points out that chemotherapy exposure in breast cancer control groups could affect cognitive functioning in these patients. We recognized this and did, in fact, take chemotherapy exposure into account in our meta-analysis.

There is a considerable body of evidence indicating that chemotherapy may exert its own adverse effects on various aspects of cognitive functioning [2]. It is for this reason that we recorded rates of chemotherapy exposure in ET patient and breast cancer control groups for all studies included in our meta-analysis, and presented these data in Table 1.

Most of the studies included in our meta-analysis were performed using chemotherapy-naïve participants. As can be seen in Table 1, however, there were two studies in which a proportion of the breast cancer control group had been treated with chemotherapy. In each of these studies, a similar proportion of the ET group had also received chemotherapy treatment. Information regarding the schedules or duration of chemotherapy was not described in these studies.

Meta-regression analyses, in which rates of chemotherapy exposure in both ET patients and breast control groups were included as covariates, revealed no moderating effect of chemotherapy exposure on ET patient versus control comparisons for any cognitive domain. Thus, while chemotherapy exposure is undoubtedly an important consideration in studies examining the cognitive effects of ET, it did not appear to have any appreciable influence on the results of our meta-analysis. As we note in our discussion, this may be due to the small number of studies that included any participants exposed to chemotherapy in the first place.