Abstract
The effect of drought stress on total phenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and antioxidant capacity in Cebú, DK2027, and DK2034 maize hybrids was evaluated. Compared to irrigation treatment, total phenols decreased in drought stress treatment by 35.34%, 5.59%, and 31.57% in Cebú, DK2027, and DK2034, respectively. In addition, the levels of t-ferulic, c-ferulic and p-coumaric acids decreased by 17.74%, 23.93%, and 29.83% in Cebú, by 8.92%, 8.62%, and 24.03% in DK2027, and by 13.66%, 11.03%, and 10.38% in DK2034, respectively. The predominant hydroxycinnamic acid from bran extracts was t-ferulic (67% to 72%), followed by c-ferulic (20% to 21%), and p-coumaric (7% to 11%) for both irrigation and drought stress treatments, while caffeic and sinapic acids were found in traces or were not detected. The antioxidant capacity decreased by 8%, 3%, and 9% in trolox equivalents and 7%, 17%, and 14% in percentage of radical scavenging activity for Cebú, DK2027, and DK2034 genotypes, respectively. The reduction of total phenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and antioxidant capacity is due to the radical scavenging and photoprotective actions of hydroxycinnamic acids against highly reactive oxygen species generated under drought stress treatment.
Zusammenfassung
Die Wirkung von Trockenstress auf Gesamtphenole, Hydroxyzimtsäuren und die antioxidative Kapazität in Cebú‑, DK2027- und DK2034-Maishybriden wurde untersucht. Verglichen mit dem Bewässerungsregime sanken während der Trockenstressbehandlung die Gesamtphenole um 35,34 %, 5,59 % bzw. 31,57 % in Cebú, DK2027 und DK2034. Darüber hinaus sank der Gehalt an t-Ferulasäure, c-Ferulasäure und p-Cumarsäure um 17,74 %, 23,93 % bzw. 29,83 % in Cebú, um 8,92 %, 8,62 % und 24,03 % in DK2027 und um 13,66 %, 11,03 % bzw. 10,38 % in DK2034. Die vorherrschende Hydroxyzimtsäure aus Kleieextrakten war im Bewässerungs- und Trockenstressregime t-Ferulasäure (67 %–72 %), gefolgt von c-Ferulasäure (20 %–21 %) und p-Cumarsäure (7 %–11 %). Kaffee- und Sinapinsäure wurden nur in Spuren oder überhaupt nicht gefunden. Die antioxidative Kapazität verringerte sich um 8 %, 3 % und 9 % gemessen in Trolox-Äquivalenten und um 7 %, 17 % und 14 % gemessen als prozentualer Anteil der radikalfangenden Aktivität für Cebú‑, DK2027- und DK2034-Genotypen. Die Verringerung der Gesamtphenole, der Hydroxyzimtsäuren und der antioxidativen Kapazität ist zurückzuführen auf die radikalfangenden und photoprotektiven Wirkungen der Hydroxyzimtsäuren gegen reaktive Sauerstoffspezies, die unter Trockenstress entstehen.
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Acknowledgements
Authors would like to acknowledge the financial support for this research provided by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) through Investigación Científica Básica SEP-CONACYT 169635 granted to Guillermo Niño-Medina and for the scholarship granted to Eleazar Lugo-Cruz. Thanks to Monsanto Company for the maize hybrids seeds provided.
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E. Lugo-Cruz, F. Zavala-García, H. Rodríguez-Fuentes, V. Urías-Orona, J.A. Vidales-Contreras, R. Carranza-De La Rosa, and G. Niño-Medina declare that they have no competing interests.
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Lugo-Cruz, E., Zavala-García, F., Rodríguez-Fuentes, H. et al. The Effect of Drought Stress on Nutraceutical Properties of Zea mays Bran. Gesunde Pflanzen 70, 179–184 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-018-0429-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-018-0429-9