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Untersuchungen zur Europäischen Steinobstvergilbung (ESFY) in Deutschland

Research on European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) in Germany

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Zusammenfassung

Von 2003 bis 2007 wurden in verschiedenen Steinobstanbaugebieten in Südwestdeutschland visuelle Bonituren durchgeführt, um die Verbreitung der Europäischen Steinobstvergilbung (European stone fruit yellows, ESFY) in Deutschland zu untersuchen. Probennahmen in ausgewählten Referenzanlagen in den Regionen Neuwieder Becken, Rheinhessen, Vorderpfalz und Südpfalz erfolgten regelmäßig im Sommer und Frühjahr an Bäumen, die ESFY-typische Symptome aufwiesen, aber auch an Trieben von Bäumen mit unsicheren Symptomen. Alle Pflanzenproben wurden mit PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction = Polymerase-Kettenreaktion) auf Infektion mit Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum untersucht. Das Phytoplasma konnte in allen untersuchten Regionen auf den kultivierten Prunus-Arten P. armeniaca, P. persica und P. domestica nachgewiesen werden. Auf wilden Prunus-Arten wurden keine Infektionen gefunden. Die Krankheit war am stärksten auf Aprikose verbreitet, während Pfirsich und Pflaume weniger betroffen waren. Eine gute Korrelation zwischen visueller Bonitur und molekularem Nachweis des Erregers konnte für die typischen Sommer- und Wintersymptome sowohl bei P. armeniaca als auch P. persica ermittelt werden.

Mit regelmäßigen Fängen in den Referenzanlagen konnte die Populationsdynamik der Blattsaugerart Cacopsylla pruni über mehrere Jahre in Südwestdeutschland beschrieben werden. Die höchsten Populationsdichten wurden auf wilden Prunus-Arten gefunden. Alle gefangenen Einzeltiere wurden mittels PCR auf den Erreger getestet. Es konnte eine jährliche natürliche Infektionsrate von 1–2% aller Individuen von C. pruni ermittelt werden.

Abstract

From 2003 to 2007 surveys have been conducted in different stone fruit growing regions in southwest Germany to detect European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) disease in Germany. Samplings have been done regularly in selected reference orchards in the regions Neuwieder Becken, Rheinhessen, Vorderpfalz and Südpfalz in summer on trees showing ESFY typical symptoms as well as on branches of trees with unspecific symptoms. All samples have been analysed by PCR for infection with Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum. The phytoplasma could be detected in all investigated regions on the cultivated Prunus species P. armeniaca, P. persica and P. domestica. No infection was found in wild Prunus species. The main spread of the disease appeared on apricot while peach and European plum were less affected. A good correlation between symptoms and molecular detection of the pathogen could be shown for the typical symptoms in summer and winter for apricot as well as for peach.

During regular psyllid captures in the reference orchards the population dynamics of Cacopsylla pruni could be described in southwest Germany for several years. By PCR-testing all collected insects individually a yearly natural infection rate of about 1–2% of all individuals of C. pruni could be calculated.

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Danksagung

Wir bedanken uns für die Durchführung der Psyllidenfänge und Bonituren in Rheinhessen bei Werner Dahlbender, Günther Hensel und Wiebke Hein und für die Arbeiten im Neuwieder Becken bei Matthias Jönck.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. RLP AgroScience, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, 67435, Neustadt a. d. Weinstrasse, Germany

    Barbara Jarausch, Isabel Mühlenz, Annette Fuchs & Wolfgang Jarausch

  2. DLR Rheinpfalz, Kompetenzzentrum Gartenbau, Breitenweg 71, 67435, Neustadt a. d. Weinstrasse, Germany

    Isabelle Lampe & Uwe Harzer

Authors
  1. Barbara Jarausch
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  2. Isabel Mühlenz
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  3. Annette Fuchs
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  4. Isabelle Lampe
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  5. Uwe Harzer
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  6. Wolfgang Jarausch
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Correspondence to Barbara Jarausch.

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Jarausch, B., Mühlenz, I., Fuchs, A. et al. Untersuchungen zur Europäischen Steinobstvergilbung (ESFY) in Deutschland. Gesunde Pflanzen 59, 183–192 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-007-0169-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-007-0169-8

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