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Immobilization of Metal–Organic Frameworks on Supports for Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Separation

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Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials with large surface areas, uniform pore size, and tunable selectivity. In the last few years, the number of analytical applications of MOFs has been growing constantly. However, the direct use of as-synthesized MOFs in packed column format is rather limited for analytical separations because of the small size and non-spherical shape of MOF crystals. In this review, we outline and critically discuss the advantages and limitations of the different methods described to immobilize MOFs into functional supports for analytical separations, including beads, monoliths, and fibers. These methods are based on embedding MOF crystals into functional supports, in situ MOF growth, controlled layer-by-layer MOF growth, or the in situ conversion of immobilized MOF metal oxide precursors. Representative examples of immobilized MOFs for sample preparation and chromatographic separation are overviewed. We also overview recent progress on the use of MOFs as precursors to obtain other functional materials such as layered double hydroxides or porous carbons.

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Reproduced from [36] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry

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From [59, 60]—Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry

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Reprinted from [67] with permission from Wiley

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Reproduced from [73] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry

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Fig. 8

Adapted with permission from [80]. Copyright (2017) American Chemical Society

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Reprinted from [86] with permission from Elsevier

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Acknowledgements

The Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER) are gratefully acknowledged for financial support through Project CTQ2016–77155-R. A.F. thanks the Spanish Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal and European Social Funds for financial support through Program SOIB Jove-Qualificats Sector Públic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences–Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    Fernando Maya

  2. University of the Balearic Islands, Cra Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Spain

    Fernando Maya, Carlos Palomino Cabello, Andreu Figuerola, Gemma Turnes Palomino & Víctor Cerdà

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  4. Gemma Turnes Palomino
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  5. Víctor Cerdà
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Correspondence to Fernando Maya.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Published in the topical collection Rising Stars in Separation Science, as part of Chromatographia’s 50th Anniversary Commemorative Issue.

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Maya, F., Palomino Cabello, C., Figuerola, A. et al. Immobilization of Metal–Organic Frameworks on Supports for Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Separation. Chromatographia 82, 361–375 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3616-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3616-z

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