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Simultaneous Separation of Water- and Fat-Soluble Vitamins by Selective Comprehensive HILIC × RPLC (High-Resolution Sampling) and Active Solvent Modulation

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A Correction to this article was published on 03 August 2020

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Abstract

The simultaneous liquid chromatographic analysis of water- and fat-soluble vitamins is challenging because of their wide polarity range. Typically, water-soluble vitamins are separated and analyzed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) while fat-soluble vitamins are analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). The combination of these two retention principles in a column coupling or multidimensional liquid chromatography approach seems to be a logical consequence to solve the problem. In this work, a selective comprehensive HILIC × RPLC 2D-LC approach is investigated. In this method, the polar water-soluble vitamins are resolved in the first dimension (1D) on a 2-pyridylurea mixed-mode phase operated by a HILIC gradient and the coeluted fat-soluble vitamins in the early part of the chromatogram are comprehensively transferred in ten 40-µL fractions into a second dimension (2D) separation by RPLC on a C8 core–shell column. This mode of separation is also known as high-resolution sampling. The separations in 1D and 2D were optimized systematically and the retention mechanism on the mixed-mode column interpreted by support of these chromatographic data. The solvent incompatibility of 1D HILIC and 2D RPLC conditions due to sampling of acetonitrile-rich fractions from 1D into 2D RPLC led to severe peak broadening when a direct fraction transfer was carried out. An isocratic refocusing step could partly improve the situation for the stronger retained fat-soluble vitamins. Active solvent modulation with a specifically designed valve which allows a bypass of the weak eluent from the 2D pump to the column head and dilution of the fractionated sample from the sampling loop completely solved the problem and provided perfect peak shapes and chromatographic efficiencies.

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  • 03 August 2020

    In this article, we depicted the structure of the investigated fat-and water-soluble vitamins in Fig.��2.

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Acknowledgements

ML is grateful to Agilent Technologies for financial support through an Agilent Research Award. Stephan Buckenmaier (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) is gratefully acknowledged for technical support.

Funding

This study was funded by an Agilent Technologies Research Award (Grant Number Agilent Research Gift #4068).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Stefanie Bäurer, Wenkai Guo, Stefan Polnick & Michael Lämmerhofer

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  1. Stefanie Bäurer
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  2. Wenkai Guo
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  3. Stefan Polnick
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  4. Michael Lämmerhofer
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Correspondence to Michael Lämmerhofer.

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Author ML has received a research grant from Agilent Technologies. Other authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Published in Chromatographia’s 50th Anniversary Commemorative Issue.

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Bäurer, S., Guo, W., Polnick, S. et al. Simultaneous Separation of Water- and Fat-Soluble Vitamins by Selective Comprehensive HILIC × RPLC (High-Resolution Sampling) and Active Solvent Modulation. Chromatographia 82, 167–180 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3615-0

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