Abstract
The geochemical and isotopic investigations were provided on the Upper Eocene Senj mafic intrusion and Mo-Cu mineralization to better understand the tectono-magmatic evolution and metallogeny of the central part of the Alborz magmatic belt. The Senj mafic intrusion is composed of gabbro to monzodiorite and monzonite in lithology, and intruded as a sill into volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Eocene Karaj Formation. The Karaj Formation consists of volcano-sedimentary rocks, such as altered crystalline to shaly tuffs. The Senj intrusion (39.7 ± 0.4 Ma) shows LILE and LREE enrichment and negative anomaly of Nb, Ta and Ti, the geochemical signatures similar to those from subduction-related mafic magmas. The Hf-O zircon analyses yield εHf(t) values of + 4.1 to + 11.1 and δ18O values of + 4.8 to + 6.2‰. The zircon isotopic signatures together with shoshonitic affinity in the Senj mafic samples suggest partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle that had already been metasomatized by slab-derived melts and fluids. The Mo-Cu mineralization mainly occurs as veins and veinlets in the volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Karaj Formation and is dominated by molybdenite with minor amounts of chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite and tetrahedrite-tennantite. The associated gangue minerals are tremolite, actinolite, quartz, calcite, chlorite and epidote. The Senj Mo-Cu deposit formed in volcano-sedimentary rocks following the emplacement of the Late Eocene Senj sill. The source of molybdenite in the Senj deposit is dominantly from crustal materials as it is revealed by Re contents in the molybdenite minerals (0.5 to 0.7 ppm). In fact, the molybdenite occurrence may be a remobilization process related to the emplacement of the Senj mafic magma.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Xiao–Xiao Ling, Guo-Qiang Tang, Jiao Li, Hong-Xia Ma and Yue-Heng Yang from Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGG-CAS) in Beijing, for their assistance with the SIMS zircon U–Pb age, O-isotope analyses and LA-MC-ICPMS zircon Hf analysis. Li Chao from National Research Center of Geoanalysis of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and Xiao-Ming Liu from State Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University in Xi’an, China are thanked for their assistance in the molybdenite Re-Os isotope analysis and whole rock geochemical analyses, respectively. The University of Zanjan provided the logistical support during the field studies. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and handling editor Qiang Wang for valuable comments. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant no. 2016YFE0203000).
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Nabatian, G., Li, XH., Wan, B. et al. The genesis of Mo-Cu deposits and mafic igneous rocks in the Senj area, Alborz magmatic belt, Iran. Miner Petrol 112, 481–500 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-017-0548-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-017-0548-5