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Nuclear ITS and AFLPs provide surprising implications for the taxonomy of Tephroseris longifolia agg. and the endemic status of T. longifolia subsp. moravica

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Abstract

The proportion of endemic taxa is a frequently used measure for assesment of biodiversity hotspots within the Carpathians. For confirming of an endemic status of a taxon, a thorough evaluation using modern tools of plant systematics is desirable. Tephroseris longifolia subsp. moravica has been considered to be a Western Carpathian endemic, but a previous study of morphological and genome size differentiation within the T. longifolia agg. showed that its endemic position is controversial. Therefore, in this study we aimed to detect genetic variability and evolutionary relationships within the T. longifolia agg. using nuclear ITS sequences and highly variable AFLPs on 38 populations covering the distribution range of the aggregate. Additionally, we analysed 22 populations of other putatively related species (T. aurantiaca, T. capitata, T. crispa, T. integrifolia and T. papposa). Genetic analyses proved that T. longifolia agg. is genetically well differentiated, but the results contradict the current taxonomic concept. Tephroseris longifolia aggregate, as defined here, comprises T. longifolia, T. crispa, T. pseudocrispa, T. tenuifolia and T. italica. Within T. longifolia, two subspecies can be recognised, namely T. l. subsp. longifolia and T. l. subsp. moravica. Furthermore, AFLPs confirm the close relationship of Pannonian and one Croatian populations to T. l. subsp. moravica. Therefore, we assume that T. l. subsp. moravica should not be considered a Western Carpathian endemic and most probably migrated to the Western Carpathian area during the post-glacial period.

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Acknowledgements

We thank those listed in Online Resources for help in the collection of plant material. We are grateful to the staff of the Grunelius-Möllgaard Laboratory (Senckenberg Research Institute Frankfurt) for laboratory support and to the anonymous reviewers for improving of the manuscript. The study was financially supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic (VEGA 2/0096/15 and VEGA 2/0154/17). This research received also support from the SYNTHESYS Project (Grant No. DE-TAF-6507; http://www.synthesys.info/) which is financed by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Katarína Skokanová & Barbora Šingliarová

  2. Faculty of Forestry, Technical University, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96053, Zvolen, Slovakia

    Judita Kochjarová

  3. Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Juraj Paule

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  1. Katarína Skokanová
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  2. Barbora Šingliarová
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Correspondence to Katarína Skokanová.

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Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Online Resource 1. Locality details, and details for AFLP (number of analysed individuals, average number of AFLP fragments per individual ± standard deviation; number of polymorphic markers, number of fixed fragments, frequency down-weighted marker and Nei’s gene diversity values), ITS (number of analysed individuals, ITS-types from Statistical parsimony network analysis, GenBank accessions numbers) and relative DNA content data (number of analysed individuals and relative DNA content with standard deviation).

Online Resource 2. ITS alignment.

Online Resource 3. The most probable value of K and Evanno’s delta K for 286 individuals of the Tephroseris longifolia agg. (a, b), for 237 individuals of T. crispa, T. longifolia subsp. longifolia, T. l. subsp. moravica and T. pseudocrispa (c, d) and for 49 individuals of T. italica and T. tenuifolia (e, f).

Online Resource 4. Unrooted neighbour-joining tree analysis (a) and neighbour-net diagram (b) based on AFLP profiles of the Tephroseris longifolia agg. (252 individuals, populations EBE, HIR, FAL, SAM and TRD with presumably hybrid origin omitted).

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Skokanová, K., Šingliarová, B., Kochjarová, J. et al. Nuclear ITS and AFLPs provide surprising implications for the taxonomy of Tephroseris longifolia agg. and the endemic status of T. longifolia subsp. moravica. Plant Syst Evol 305, 865–884 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-019-01624-z

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