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Individual fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes are associated with several features of the metabolic syndrome in obese children

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Abstract

Purpose

Obesity leads to the clustering of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) also in children and is often accompanied by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Quality of dietary fat, beyond the quantity, can influence CV risk profile and, in particular, omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have been proposed as beneficial in this setting. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of individual CV risk factors, characterizing the MetS, with erythrocyte membrane FA, markers of average intake, in a group of 70 overweight/obese children.

Methods

We conducted an observational study. Erythrocyte membrane FA were measured by gas chromatography. Spearman correlation coefficients (rS) were calculated to evaluate associations between FA and features of the MetS.

Results

Mean content of Omega-3 FA was low (Omega-3 Index = 4.7 ± 0.8%). Not omega-3 FA but some omega-6 FA, especially arachidonic acid (AA), were inversely associated with several features of the MetS: AA resulted inversely correlated with waist circumference (rS = − 0.352), triglycerides (rS = − 0.379), fasting insulin (rS = − 0.337) and 24-h SBP (rS = − 0.313). Total amount of saturated FA (SFA) and specifically palmitic acid, correlated positively with waist circumference (rS = 0.354), triglycerides (rS = 0.400) and fasting insulin (rS = 0.287). Fatty Liver Index (FLI), a predictive score of steatosis based on GGT, triglycerides and anthropometric indexes, was positively correlated to palmitic acid (rS = 0.515) and inversely to AA (rS = − 0.472).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that omega-6 FA, and especially AA, could be protective toward CV risk factors featuring the MetS and also to indexes of hepatic steatosis in obese children, whereas SFA seems to exert opposite effects.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arachidonic acid

ALA:

Alpha-linoleic acid

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

BP:

Blood pressure

CV:

Cardiovascular

D5D:

Delta-5 desaturase

D6D:

Delta-6 desaturase

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

DGLA:

Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

FA:

Fatty acid

FLI:

Fatty Liver Index

GGT:

Gamma-glutamylatransferase

GLA:

Gamma-linolenic acid

LA:

Linoleic acid

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

NAFLD:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

O-DBP:

Office diastolic blood pressure

O-SBP:

Office systolic blood pressure

PA:

Palmitic acid

RCT:

Randomized controlled trial

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

SCD:

Delta-9 desaturase

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid

TRI:

Triglycerides

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Acknowledgements

Part of this work was performed in the LURM (Laboratorio Universitario di Ricerca Medica) Research Center, University of Verona.

Funding

The study is supported by a Grant of the Italian Ministry of Health (GR-2011-02349630) to CF in agreement with the ‘Regione Veneto’ and the ‘Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona’.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. “General Medicine and Hypertension” Unit, Department of Medicine, AOUI, Hospital “Policlinico G.B. Rossi”, University of Verona, P.le LA Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy

    Sara Bonafini, Angela Tagetti, Sara Raimondi, Alice Giontella, Anna Mantovani, Angela Donato, Andrea Dalbeni, Pietro Minuz & Cristiano Fava

  2. Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Rossella Gaudino, Paolo Cavarzere, Diego Alberto Ramaroli, Franco Antoniazzi & Claudio Maffeis

  3. Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Martina Montagnana, Elisa Danese & Marco Benati

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  1. Sara Bonafini
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Bonafini, S., Tagetti, A., Gaudino, R. et al. Individual fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes are associated with several features of the metabolic syndrome in obese children. Eur J Nutr 58, 731–742 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1677-2

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