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Benthic foraminiferal distribution on the southeastern Brazilian shelf and upper slope

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Abstract

Foraminiferal data were obtained from 66 samples of box cores on the southeastern Brazilian upper margin (between 23.8°–25.9°S and 42.8°–46.13°W) to evaluate the benthic foraminiferal fauna distribution and its relation to some selected abiotic parameters. We focused on areas with different primary production regimes on the southern Brazilian margin, which is generally considered as an oligotrophic region. The total density (D), richness (R), mean diversity (\( \overline{{H^{\prime } }} \)), average living depth (ALD X ) and percentages of specimens of different microhabitats (epifauna, shallow infauna, intermediate infauna and deep infauna) were analyzed. The dominant species identified were Uvigerina spp., Globocassidulina subglobosa, Bulimina marginata, Adercotryma wrighti, Islandiella norcrossi, Rhizammina spp. and Brizalina sp.. We also established a set of mathematical functions for analyzing the vertical foraminiferal distribution patterns, providing a quantitative tool that allows correlating the microfaunal density distributions with abiotic factors. In general, the cores that fit with pure exponential decaying functions were related to the oligotrophic conditions prevalent on the Brazilian margin and to the flow of the Brazilian Current (BC). Different foraminiferal responses were identified in cores located in higher productivity zones, such as the northern and the southern region of the study area, where high percentages of infauna were encountered in these cores, and the functions used to fit these profiles differ appreciably from a pure exponential function, as a response of the significant living fauna in deeper layers of the sediment. One of the main factors supporting the different foraminiferal assemblage responses may be related to the differences in primary productivity of the water column and, consequently, in the estimated carbon flux to the sea floor. Nevertheless, also bottom water velocities, substrate type and water depth need to be considered.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Brazilian agency) via a post-doctoral fellowship (Proc. No. 06/59947-3) provided to L.B and via grant No. 03/10740-0. We are grateful to Joachim Schönfeld for the helpful comments and suggestions. The authors also wish to thank Mr. Daniel P. Alves and Mr. Edilson Faria for their help in the laboratory with the sedimentological analyses. We also thank Mrs. Fabiana Barbosa for the calculation of the primary productivity values.

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  1. Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil

    Leticia Burone, Silvia Helena de Mello e Sousa, Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques & Cíntia Yamashita

  2. Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería, Casilla de Correo 30, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Paulo Valente

  3. UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista, Infante Dom Henrique s/no, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil

    Aurea Ciotti

  4. Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Oceanología, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, CP, 11400, Uruguay

    Leticia Burone

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  1. Leticia Burone
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  2. Silvia Helena de Mello e Sousa
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  3. Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques
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Correspondence to Leticia Burone.

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Communicated by U.-G. Berninger.

Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 7 and 8.

Table 7 Absolute abundance of foraminifera species present in each studied core
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Table 8 Taxonomic references of benthic foraminiferal species which are considered in this paper
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See Plates I and II.

Plate I
figure 5

1Hormosinella sp. (×65), 2Reophax sp. (×80), 3Reophax sp. (×65), 4Adercotryma wrighti (×700), 5Labrospira sp. (×100), 6Melonis sp. (×220), 7Lenticulina vitrea (×37), 8Hoeglundina elegans (×150), 9Pullenia quinqueloba (×230), 10Globocassidulina subglobosa (×800), 11Textularia candeiana (×100), 12Siphotextularia sp. (×190)

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Plate II
figure 6

1Pyrgo nasuta (×130), 2Bolivina aenariensis multicostata (×800), 3Sagrinella subspinescens (×270), 4Bulima marginata (×230), 5Uvigerina sp. (×200), 6Uvigerina proboscidea (×160), 7Uvigerina pigmea (×160), 8Psammosphaera fusca (×120)

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Burone, L., de Mello e Sousa, S.H., de Mahiques, M.M. et al. Benthic foraminiferal distribution on the southeastern Brazilian shelf and upper slope. Mar Biol 158, 159–179 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1549-7

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