Summary
Cottonseed provides one of the major sources of protein in the United States and in many foreign countries. The production of cottonseed is necessarily regulated by the factors which determine the demand for and production of cotton fiber.
Most cottonseed meal, produced to contain 36% to 50% protein, has been used as a protein supplement for ruminant animals. Changes in processing and increased knowledge of the value of cottonseed protein have stimulated increasing use in monogastric animal feeds. Limited amounts of cottonseed protein, as a specialty item, have found acceptance domestically, and significant success has been achieved in Latin American countries in the use of high-quality cottonseed flour to relieve or prevent malnutrition in weanling children.
Under current conditions and with the present state of knowledge the opportunity exists to use cottonseed protein concentrate much more extensively as a human food where protein malnutrition exists. The adequacy of both nutritional performance and consumer acceptance has been demonstrated.
Still greater opportunities for expansion into human food usage appear to be available in both foreign and domestic consumption by using more sophisticated production procedures. These include the already initiated commercial production of glandless (gossypol-free) cottonseed, possible changes in types of extraction solvents, air classification and other physical processing innovations, and the production of protein isolates.
Current availability of information and the nature and intensity of research studies under way support the conclusion that cottonseed protein concentrate usage will move steadily from ruminant to monogastric animal feeding and that significant amounts of this protein will be used in the human dietary in the United States and foreign countries.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Alderks, O.H. 1948. Cooking of meats and recovery of the oil.In Cottonseed. A.E. Bailey (ed.), Interscience, New York, pp. 615–650.
Altschul, A.M. 1962. Seed proteins and world food problems. Econ. Bot.16(1): 2–13.
-.1964. Summary statement. Cottonseed Protein Concentrates Meeting, UNICEF. December 16, 1964.
—. 1965. Edible seed protein concentrates: their role in control of malnutritio. Israel J. Med. Sci.1 (3): 471–479.
Altschul, Aaron M. 1965. Proteins, their chemistry and politics. Basic Books, New York.
—, L. Y. Yatsu, R. L. Ory, & E. M. Engleman. 1966. Seed proteins. Ann. Eev. Plant Physiol.17: 113–136.
Bradfield, R. B. 1960. The development of a low-cost high nutritive value food supplement for Peruvian children. Proceedings of a Conference on Cottonseed Protein for Animal and Man, November 14–16, 1960, pp. 22–29.
Braham, J.E., L. G. Elias, & R. Bressani. 1965. Factors affecting the nutritional quality of cottonseed meals. J. Food Sci.30(3): 531–537.
—, R. Bressani, Silvia de Zaghi, & Marina Flores. 1965. Supplementary value of INCAP vegetable mixture 9 for the diets of average school children in rural Guatemala. Agric. Food Chem.13 (6): 594
Bressani, R. 1960. The use of cottonseed flour in vegetable protein mixture for human feeding. I. Biological studies. Proceedings of a Conference on Cottonseed Protein for Animal and Man, November 14–16, 1960. pp. 6–22.
—. 1965. The use of cottonseed protein in human foods. Food Technology19 (11): 51.
—, & L. G. Elias. 1966. All-vegetable protein mixtures for human feeding. The development of INCAP vegetable mixture 14 based on soybean flour. J. of Food Sci.31 (4): 626–631.
—, — & N. S. Scrimshaw. 1962. All-vegetable protein mixtures for human feeding. VIII. Biological testing of INCAP vegetable mixture 9 in rats. J. Food Sci.27 (2): 203–209.
—, —, A. Aguirre, & N. S. Scrimshaw. 1961. All vegetable protein mixtures for human feeding. III. The development of INCAP vegetable mixture 9. J. Nutrition74 (3): 201–208.
-, E. Braham, L. G. Elias, & R. Jarquin. 1964. Technological aspects of INCAP vegetable mixture 9. Proceedings of a Conference on Cottonseed Protein Concentrates, January 15–17, 1964, pp. 112–133.
—, A. Aguirre, L. G. Elias, A. Arroyave, R. Jarquin, & N. S. Scrimshaw. 1961. All-vegetable protein mixtures for human feeding. IV. Biological testing of INOAP vegetable mixture 9 in chicks. J. Nutrition74 (3): 209–216.
Bruins, H. W. 1964. Introduction of protein rich food preparations in Colombia. Proceedings of a Conference on Cottonseed Protein Concentrates, January 15–17, 1964, pp. 134–140.
Cottonseed production, farm disposition, and value of sales to oil mills. 1967. Cotton Production, Statistical Reporting Service, USDA, May 8, 1967.
Cottonseed production in specified countries and the World. 1966. World Agricultural Production and Trade, USDA, Foreign Agriculture Service, October, 1966.
Cottonseed production in specified countries and the World. 1967. World Agricultural Production and Trade, USDA, Foreign Agriculture Service, May, 1967.
Engleman, E.M. 1966. Ontogeny of aleurone grains in cotton embryo. Amer. J. Bot.53 (3): 231–237.
Farr, A. J. 1965. Nutritional studies in amino acid supplementation of glandless cottonseed. Master's thesis. Louisiana State University Library. 1965.
Harper, G. A. 1963. Unpublished Review.
-. 1966. Production and marketing trends and possibilities for future development. Proceedings of the 1966 Cottonseed Processing Clinic, February 7–8, 1966, pp. 56–60.
-. Glandless cottonseed—status of development and processing. Paper presented at the 1967 Cottonseed Processing Clinic, February 13–14, 1967. In Press.
Harvey, J. L. 1960. Partially defatted, cooked cottonseed flour permitted for use in foods. Federal Eegister, September 1, 1960.
King, W.H., J.C. Kuek, & V. L. Frampton. 1961. Properties of cottonseed meals prepared with acetone-petroleum-ether-water azeotrope. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc.38 (1): 19–21.
Martinez, Wilda H. 1964. Cottonseed proteins: Proceedings of a Conference on Cottonseed Protein Concentrates, January 15–17, 1964, pp. 51–54.
29.Martinez, Leah C. Berardi, V. E. Pfeifer, & A. J. Crovetto. 1967. The production of protein concentrates by air classification of defatted cottonseed flour. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc.44(3): 139-A.
Milner, M. 1964. Cottonseed proteins: Problems and opportunities for World protein deficits. Food Technology18 (10): 35.
-. Problems and opportunities in utilizing cottonseed proteins to meet World protein deficits. Proceedings of a Conference on Cottonseed Protein Concentrates, January 15–17, 1964, pp. 8–13.
Meinke, W. W. and Raymond R. Reiser. 1960. Air classification and chlorine treatment process for the production of low gossypol content cottonseed flours. Proceedings of a Conference on Cottonseed Protein for Ainmal and Man. November 14–16, 1960, pp. 60–65.
Oiilseed cakes and meals: Quantities consumed by type of meal and different animal classes. 1967. Fats and Oils Situation, U. S. Department of Agriculture, p. 26, January, 1967.
Phelps, R. A. 1964. Feeding the new cottonseed meals. Proceedings of the 17th Annual California Animal Industry Conference, October 19–20, 1964, pp. 4–13.
—. 1966. Cottonseed meal for poultry: from research to practical application. World’s Poultry Sci. J.22 (2): 86–112.
Scrimshaw, N. S. 1961. A war to save lives. The Cotton Gin and Oil Mill Press, pp. 7, 27, 28. March 4, 1961.
Shaw, R.L. 1967. Incaparina gains acceptance. Science156: 168.
Yatsu, L.Y. 1965. The ultrastructure of cotyledonary tissue from Gossypium hirsutum L. seeds. J. Cell Biol.25 (2): Part 1, 193–199.
—, & A. M. Altschul. 1963. Lipid-protein particles: Isolation from seeds of Gossypium hirsutum. Science142 (3595): 1062–1064.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Delivered at the 8th Annual Meeting of The Society for Economic Botany as part of a symposium “Integrated Research in Economic Botany VII. Protein for Food,” University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, June 5–8, 1967.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Harper, G.A., Smith, K.J. Status of cottonseed protein. Econ Bot 22, 63–72 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02897745
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02897745