Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Metal vapors in gas tungsten arcs: part i. spectroscopy and monochromatic photography

  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Metal vapors in gas tungsten welding arcs were studied in order to determine the effects of these vapors on arc properties and subsequently on weld bead configuration. Emission spectroscopy and monochromatic photography were used to determine the prominent metal species present and their distribution in arcs on stainless steel. It was found that, in addition to the expected species (Fe, Mn, Cr), calcium and aluminum vapors were also detectable, although these elements were present in the base plate only at very low concentrations. All metal vapors were determined to be concentrated just above the weld pool in high current arcs, but were also detected in the upper regions of low current arcs. Aluminum, calcium, and sometimes thorium were found to vaporize from the tungsten electrode.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S.S. Glickstein and W. Yeniscavich:Welding J., 1977, vol. 56, pp. 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  2. H.C. Ludwig:Welding J., 1968, vol. 47, pp. 234s-40s.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Moisio and J. Leinonen: inArc Physics and Weld Pool Behavior, Welding Institute, Cambridge, England, 1980, pp. 285–87.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J.C. Metcalfe and M.B.C. Quigley:Welding J., 1977, vol. 56, pp. 133s-39s.

    Google Scholar 

  5. G.W. Oyler, R.A. Matuszesk, and C.R. Garr:Welding J., 1967, vol. 46, pp. 1006–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. M. Savitskii and G. I. Leskov:Autom. Weld., 1980, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 11–16.

    Google Scholar 

  7. W. S. Bennett and G. S. Mills:Welding J., 1974, vol. 53, pp. 548s-53s.

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. A. Patterson:Welding J., 1978, vol. 57, pp. 383s-86s.

    Google Scholar 

  9. D.W. Dickinson: Republic Steel Corp., Independence, OH, unpublished research, 1981–83.

  10. T. F. Chase, Jr. and W. F. Savage:Welding J., 1971, vol. 50, pp. 467s-73s.

    Google Scholar 

  11. W.F. Savage, E.F. Nippes, and G.M. Goodwin:Welding J., 1977, vol. 56, pp. 126s-32s.

    Google Scholar 

  12. W. F. Savage, C. D. Lundin, and G. Goodwin:Welding J., 1968, vol. 47, pp. 313s, 322s, 336s.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. S. Glickstein: inArc Physics and Weld Pool Behavior, Welding Institute, Cambridge, England, 1980, pp. 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  14. E. Pfender:WRC Progress Reports, 1982, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 18–32.

    Google Scholar 

  15. A.N. Zaidel’, V.K. Prokof’ev, S.M. Raiskii, V.A. Slavnyi, and E. Ya. Shreider:Tables of Spectral Lines, 3rd ed., IFI/Plenum, New York, NY, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  16. E. Friedman and S.S. Glickstein:Welding J., 1976, vol. 55, pp. 4085–4205.

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. Block-Bolten and T. W. Eagar: inTrends in Welding Research, S.A. David, ed., ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1982, pp. 53–73.

    Google Scholar 

  18. S.S. Glickstein:Welding J., 1976, vol. 55, pp. 222s-29s.

    Google Scholar 

  19. C.B. Shaw, Jr.:Welding J., 1975, vol. 54, pp. 33s-44s.

    Google Scholar 

  20. J.F. Key, M.E. McIlwain, and L. Isaacson: inSixth International Conference on Gas Discharges and Their Applications, Conf. Publ. No. 189, part 2, Institution of Electrical Engineers, New York, NY, 1980, pp. 235–38.

    Google Scholar 

  21. M.B.C. Quigley, P.H. Richards, D.T. Swift-Hook, and A.E.F. Glick:J. Phys. D., 1973, vol. 6, pp. 2250–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. G. S. Mills:Welding J., 1979, vol. 58, pp. 21s-24s

    Google Scholar 

  23. O.N. Ivanova:Autom. Weld., 1968, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 12–15.

    Google Scholar 

  24. C.R. Heiple and J. R. Roper:Welding J., 1981, vol. 60, pp. 143s-45s.

    Google Scholar 

  25. C.R. Heiple and J. R. Roper:Welding J., 1982, vol. 61, pp. 97s-102s.

    Google Scholar 

  26. C.R. Heiple and J. R. Roper: inTrends in Welding Research in the United States, S.A. David, ed., ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1982, pp. 489–520.

    Google Scholar 

  27. C. R. Heiple, J. R. Roper, R. T. Stagner, and R. J. Aden:Welding J., 1983, vol. 62, pp. 72s-77s.

    Google Scholar 

  28. A.M. Makara, M. M. Savitskii, B.N. Kushnirenko, N. I. Varenko, A. D. Mel’nik, D. N. Ganelin, and A. M. Toschev:Autom. Weld., 1977, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  29. R.E. Sundell: General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY, unpublished research, 1983–84.

  30. Y. Arata, S. Miyake, H. Matsuoka, and H. Kishimoto:Trans. JWRI, 1981, vol. 10, pp. 33–38. (Note: this report neglects aberrations inherent to the spectrograph, and therefore attributes all aberrations to the SIT detector.)

  31. C. Allemand:Appl. Optics, 1983, vol. 22, pp. 16–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. E. W. Kim and C.D. Allemand: MIT, Cambridge, MA, unpublished research, 1985.

  33. N. S. Tsai: Doctoral Thesis, MIT, Cambridge, MA, June 1983.

  34. S. S. Glickstein, E. Friedman, and W. Yeniscavich:Welding J., 1975, vol. 54, pp. 113s-22s.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IBT, Beverly, MA

    G. J. Dunn (Materials Scientist)

  2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA

    C. D. Allemand (Consultant) & T. W. Eagar (Associate Professor)

Authors
  1. G. J. Dunn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. D. Allemand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. W. Eagar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dunn, G.J., Allemand, C.D. & Eagar, T.W. Metal vapors in gas tungsten arcs: part i. spectroscopy and monochromatic photography. Metall Trans A 17, 1851–1863 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02817281

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02817281

Keywords

Search

Navigation