Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue (EMEC) for the last millennium

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Seismology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The catalogue by Grünthal et al. (J Seismol 13:517–541, 2009a) of earthquakes in central, northern, and north-western Europe with M w ≥ 3.5 (CENEC) has been expanded to cover also southern Europe and the Mediterranean area. It has also been extended in time (1000–2006). Due to the strongly increased seismicity in the new area, the threshold for events south of the latitude 44°N has here been set at M w ≥ 4.0, keeping the lower threshold in the northern catalogue part. This part has been updated with data from new and revised national and regional catalogues. The new Euro-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue (EMEC) is based on data from some 80 domestic catalogues and data files and over 100 special studies. Available original M w and M 0 data have been introduced. The analysis largely followed the lines of the Grünthal et al. (J Seismol 13:517–541, 2009a) study, i.e., fake and duplicate events were identified and removed, polygons were specified within each of which one or more of the catalogues or data files have validity, and existing magnitudes and intensities were converted to M w. Algorithms to compute M w are based on relations provided locally, or more commonly on those derived by Grünthal et al. (J Seismol 13:517–541, 2009a) or in the present study. The homogeneity of EMEC with respect to M w for the different constituents was investigated and improved where feasible. EMEC contains entries of some 45,000 earthquakes. For each event, the date, time, location (including focal depth if available), intensity I 0 (if given in the original catalogue), magnitude M w (with uncertainty when given), and source (catalogue or special study) are presented. Besides the main EMEC catalogue, large events before year 1000 in the SE part of the investigated area and fake events, respectively, are given in separate lists.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdallah A-QA, Feldman L, Shapira A (2004) The Unified Earthquake Catalogue of the region. Geophysical Institute of Israel (www.gii.co.il/heb/Teken/Catalog-rprt.htm with the data file at www.gii.co.il/html/seis/seis_search.html)

  • Ahorner L (1983) Historical seismicity and present-day microearthquake activity of the Rhenish Massif, Central Europe. In: Fuchs K et al (eds) Plateau uplift. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp 198–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahorner L, Pelzing R (1983) Seismotektonische Herdparameter von digital registrierten Erdbeben der Jahre 1981 und 1982 in der westlichen Niederrheinischen Bucht. Geol Jb E26:35–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahorner L, Pelzing R (1985) The source characteristics of the Liège earthquake on November 8, 1983, from digital recordings in Germany. In: Melchior P (ed) Seismic activity in Western Europe with particular consideration to the Liège earthquakes of November 8, 1983, NATO ASI Series C: 144, Reidel Publ Comp, 263–289

  • Aktuğ B, Kaypak B, Çelik RN (2010) Source parameters for the Mw = 6.6, 03 February 2002, Çay earthquake (Turkey) and aftershocks from GPS, southwestern Turkey. J Seismol 14:445–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albini P (2004) A survey of the past earthquakes in the Eastern Adriatic (14th to early 19th century). Ann Geophys 47:675–703

    Google Scholar 

  • Albini P, Pantosti D (2004) The 20 and 27 April 1894 (Locris, Central Greece) earthquake sources through coeval records on macroseismic effects. Bull Seismol Soc Am 94:1305–1326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albini P, Rovida A (2010) The 12 may 1802 earthquake (N Italy) in its historical and seismological context. J Seismol 14:629–651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexandre P (1990) Les séismes en Europe occidentale de 394 a 1259. Nouveau catalogue critique. Publ de l’Observatoire Royal de Belgique, Série Géophysique N° Hors-Série, 267pp

  • Alexandre P, Kusman D, Petermans T, Camelbeeck T (2008) The 18 September 1692 earthquake in the Belgian Ardenne and its aftershocks. In: Fréchet J, Meghraoui M, Stucchi M (eds) Historical seismicity, interdisciplinary studies of past and recent earthquakes, Springer, pp 209–230

  • Altinok Y, Alpar B, Özer N, Gazioglu C (2005) 1881 and 1949 earthquakes at the Chios-Cesme Strait (Aegean Sea) and their relation to tsunamis. Nat Hazards Earth Syst 5:717–725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN (1984) Material for the investigation of the seismicity of Tripolitania (Libya). In: Brambati A, Slejko D (eds) The OGS Silver Anniversary Volume. O.G.S, Trieste, pp 143–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN (1994) Material for the investigation of the seismicity of Libya. Libyan Stud 25:7–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN (1997) The little-known earthquakes of 1866 and 1916 in Anatolia (Turkey). J Seismol 1:289–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN (2001a) The Kresna earthquake of 1904 in Bulgaria. Ann Geofis 44:95–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN (2001b) The earthquakes of 10 July 1894 in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey) and its relation to the earthquake of 17 August 1999. J Seismol 5:117–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN (2001c) Far-field effects of Eastern Mediterranean earthquakes in Lower Egypt. J Seismol 5:263–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN (2001d) The earthquake of 1509 in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, revisited. Bull Seismol Soc Am 91:1397–1416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN (2002) The seismic activity of the Marmara Sea region over the last 2000 years. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN (2006) Comparison of frequency of occurrence of earthquakes with slip rates from long-term seismicity data: the cases of Gulf of Corinth, Sea of Marmara and Dead Sea Fault Zone. Geophys J Int 165:516–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN (2009) Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East, a multidisciplinary study of seismicity up to 1900. Cambridge University Press, 947pp

  • Ambraseys NN, Adams RD (1993) Seismicity of the Cyprus region. Terra Nova 5:85–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN, Adams RD (1998) The Rhodes earthquake of 26 June 1926. J Seismol 2:267–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN, Jackson JA (2000) Seismicity of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) since 1500. Geophys J Int 141:F1–F6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN, Vogt J, Adams RD (1991) The Algerian earthquake of 24 June 1910: a case history. Tectonophysics 193:205–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN, Melville CP, Adams RD (1994) The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea. Cambridge University Press, 181 pp

  • Amstein S, Schwarz J (2004) Das Erdbeben vom 04. August 1940 in der Gegend von Göppingen. In: Seismische Gefährdungsberechnung und Einwirkungsbeschreibung, Schriften der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar 116. Univ.-Verlag, Weimar, pp 19–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Arvidsson R, Gregersen S, Kulhánek O, Wahlström R (1991) Recent Kattegat earthquakes-evidence of active intraplate tectonics in southern Scandinavia. Phys Earth Planet Inter 67:275–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arvidsson R, Wahlström R, Kulhánek O (1992) Deep-crustal earthquakes in the southern Baltic shield. Geophys J Int 108:767–777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker C, Hatzfeld D, Lyon-Caen H, Papadimitriou E, Rigo A (1997) Earthquake mechanisms of the Adriatic Sea and western Greece. Geophys J Int 131:559–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker JS, Langston CA (1981) Inversion of teleseismic body waves for the moment tensor of the 1978 Thessaloniki, Greece, earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 71:1423–1444

    Google Scholar 

  • Battló J, Stich D, Macià R, Morales J (2010) Moment tensor inversion for the 5 July 1930 Montilla earthquake (southern Spain). Seismol Res Lett 81:724–731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benetatos C, Kiratzi A, Papazachos C, Karakaisis G (2004) Focal mechanisms of shallow and intermediate depth earthquakes along the Hellenic Arc. J Geodyn 37:253–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benn N, Stange S, Brüstle W, Henk A, Stribny B (2006) Das Beben von Waldkirch am 5.12.2004. DGG Jahrestagung, Berlin, Germany (Poster)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernardi F, Braunmiller J, Giardini D (2005) Seismic moment from regional surface-wave amplitudes: applications to digital and analog seismograms. Bull Seismol Soc Am 95:408–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bezzeghoud M, Borger JB (2003) Focal mechanisms of earthquakes in Portugal. Física de la Tierra 15:229–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird P (2003) An updated digital model of plate boundaries. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 4:1027. doi:10.1029/2001GC000252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boborikin AM, Gareckij RG, Emeljanow AP, Cildvee ChCh, Cuvejedis PI (1993) Sowremennoye sostoyaniye seismitsheskich nablyudenhiy i ich obobshtsheniy. Semletryasseniya Belarussi I Pribaltiki, Minsk, Belorussia, pp 29–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollinger GA, Chapman MC, Sibol MS (1993) A comparison of earthquake damage areas as a function of magnitude across the United States. Bull Seismol Soc Am 83:1064–1080

    Google Scholar 

  • Borges JF, Bezzeghoud M, Bufirn E, Pro C, Fitas A (2007) The 1980, 1997 and 1998 Azores earthquakes and some seismo-tectonic implications. Tectonophysics 435:37–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braunmiller J, Deichmann N, Giardini D, Wiemer S, SED Magnitude Working Group (2005) Homogeneous moment-magnitude calibration in Switzerland. Bull Seismol Soc Am 95(1):58–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BRGM-EDF-IRSN (2010) Base de données SisFrance des séismes historique en France. Bureau de recherche géologique et minière, Paris, France (www.sisfrance.net)

  • Buforn E, Udías A, Madariaga R (1991) Intermediate and deep earthquakes in Spain. Pure Appl Geophys 136:375–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buforn E, Benito B, Sanz de Galdeano C, del Fresno C, Muños D, Rodriguez I (2005) Study of the damaging earthquakes of 1911, 1999, and 2002 in the Murcia, southeastern Spain, region: seismotectonic and seismic-risk implications. Bull Seismol Soc Am 95:549–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bungum H, Lindholm C, Dahle A (2003) Long-period ground-motions for large European earthquakes, 1905–1992, and comparisons with stochastic predictions. J Seismol 7:377–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bungum H, Lindholm C, Olesen O (2010) A review of the epicenter location of some larger historical earthquakes in Norway. SHARE project report, NORSAR, November 2010, 13pp

  • Burton PW, Xu Y, Qin C, Tselentis G-A, Sokos E (2004) A catalogue of seismicity in Greece and the adjacent areas for the twentieth century. Tectonophysics 390:117–127, /+ Data file/

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrkjeland U, Bungum H, Eldholm O (2000) Seismotectonics of the Norwegian continental margin. J Geophys Res 105:6221–6236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camelbeeck T (2009) Data file of Belgian earthquakes. Observatoire Royale du Belgique, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • Camelbeeck T, van Eck T, Pelzing R, Ahorner L, Loohuis J, Haak HW, Hoang-Trong P, Hollnack D (1994) The 1992 Roermond earthquake, the Netherlands, and its aftershocks. Geol Mijnbouw 73:181–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Camelbeeck T, Knuts E, Sabbe A, Alexandre P (2010) The earthquake of February 23, 1828 in central Belgium: new historical data and damages in the architecture inheritance. Abstracts of the European Seismological Commision 32nd General Assembly, September 6–10, 2010, Montpellier, France, p 59

  • Cara M, Alasset P-J, Sira C (2008) Magnitude of historical earthquakes from macroseismic data to seismic waveform modelling: application to the Pyrenees and a 1905 earthquake in the Alps. In: Fréchet J, Meghraoui M, Stucchi M (eds) Historical seismicity, interdisciplinary studies of past and recent earthquakes, Springer, 369–384

  • Carrilho FJR, Nunes JAC, Pena JOA (2004) Catálogo Sísmico de Portugal Continental e Região Adjacente para o Período 1970–2000. Ministério da Ciência, Inovação e Ensino Superior, Instituto de Meteorologia, Divisão de Sismologia, 221 955/05, 227pp/+ Data file since 1961/

  • Chan C-H, Grünthal G (2010) Hybrid zoneless probabilistic seismic hazard assessment: test and first application to Europe and the Mediterranean. Final report of NEtwork of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology (NERIES), Subproject JRA2 “Real time hazard tools”, Task A “The living Euro-Med earthquake hazard”

  • Chevrot S, Sylvander M, Delouis B (2011) A preliminary catalogue of moment tensors for the Pyrenees. Tectonophysics. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.07.011

  • CPTI Working Group (2004) Catalogo parametrico dei terrimoti italiani, versione 2004 (CPTI04). Ist Naz Geofis Vulc, Milan, Italy (http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/CPTI04/)

  • CPTI Working Group (2008) Catalogo parametrico dei terrimoti italiani, versione 2008 (CPTI08). Ist Naz Geofis Vulc, Milan, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey JW (1990) The 1954 and 1980 Algerian earthquakes: implications for the characteristic displacement model of fault behaviour. Bull Seismol Soc Am 81:446–467

    Google Scholar 

  • Dineva S, Battlo J, Mihaylov D, van Eck T (2002) Source parameters of four strong earthquakes in Bulgaria and Portugal at the beginning of the 20th century. J Seismol 6:99–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisinger U, Gutdeutsch R (1994) The Villach Earthquake of December 4th, 1690 in the German Sources. Materials of the CEC Project “Review of Historical Seismicity in Europe”, pp 133–137

  • EMSC (European Mediterranean Seismological Centre), www.emsc-csem.org/

  • Engdahl ER, Villasenõr A (2002) Global seismicity: 1900–1999. In: Lee WHK, Kanamori H, Jennings PC, Kisslinger C (eds) International handbook of earthquake & engineering seismology. Academic, Part A, pp 665–690

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ercolani E, Bernardini F, Camassi R, Caracciolo C, Castelli V (2010) History repeating itself: The recurrent seismic damage of L’Aquila landmarks. Abstracts of the European Seismological Commission 32nd General Assembly, September 6–10, Montpellier, France, p 155

  • Fäh D, Giardini D, Bay F, Bernardi F, Braunmiller J, Deichmann N, Furrer M, Gantner L, Gisler M, Isenegger D, Jiminez MJ, Kästli P, Koglin R, Masciadri V, Rutz M, Scheidegger C, Schibler R, Schorlemmer D, Schwarz-Zanetti G, Steimen S, Sellami S, Wiemer S, Wössner J (2003) Earthquake catalogue of Switzerland (ECOS) and the related macroseismic database. Eclogae Geol Helv 96:219–236. Available at http://histserver.ethz.ch/simplequery_e.html (up to 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fäh D, Giardini D, Kästli P, Deichmann N, Gisler M, Schwarz-Zanetti G, Alvarez-Rubio S, Sellami S, Edwards B, Allmann B, Bethmann F, Wössner J, Gassner-Stamm G, Fritsche S, Eberhard D (2011) ECOS-09 Earthquake catalogue of Switzerland release 2011 report and database. Public catalogue 17.4.2011, Swiss Seismological Service ETH Zurich, Report SED/RISK/R/001/20110417

  • Feldman L, Amrat, A-Q (2007) Data file of historical earthquakes. GII Israel and NRA Jordan

  • FENCAT (2009) Data file of earthquakes in northern Europe. Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (www.seismo.helsinki.fi/english/bulletins/catalog_northeurope.html)

  • Fischer J, Grünthal G, Schwarz J (2001) Das Erdbeben vom 7. Februar 1839 in der Gegend von Unterriexingen. Thesis, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar 1/2:8–30

  • Fitzko F, Sudadolc P, Aoudia A, Panza GF (2005) Constraints on the location and mechanism of the 1511 Western-Slovenia earthquake from active tectonics and modeling of macroseismic data. Tectonophysics 404:77–90. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2005.05.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fréchet J, Thouvenot F, Frogneux M, Deichmann N, Cara M (2011) The Mw 4.5 Vallorcine (French Alps) earthquake of 8 September 2005 and its complex aftershock sequence. J Seismol 15:43–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galanopoulos AG, Delibasis ND (1965) Seismic activity in the Cyprus area. Prakt Acad Athens 40:386–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Georisk (2009) Data file of Hungarian earthquakes. GeoRisk Ltd, Budapest, Hungary/for 2006 and on/(www.georisk.hu)

  • Gisler M, Fäh D, Schibler R (2004) Revising macroseismic data in Switzerland: the December 20, 1720 earthquake in the region of Lake Constance. J Seismol 8:179–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glavatović B (2009) MSO BALKAN Catalogue. Montenegro Seismological Observatory, Podgorica, Montenegro, Data file

    Google Scholar 

  • Glavcheva R (2004) State-of-the-art of historical earthquake investigation in Bulgaria. Ann Geophys 47:705–721

    Google Scholar 

  • Goded T, Buforn E, Muños D (2008) The 1494 and 1680 Málaga (southern Spain) earthquakes. Seimol Res Lett 79:707–715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godzikovskaya AA (2001) The catalogue of the Caucasus earthquakes M ≥ 4 (k ≥ 11) from ancient times to 2000. World Data Center for Solid Earth Physics, Geophysical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia (zeus.wdcb.ru/wdcb/sep/caucasus/welcomen.html)

  • Grünthal G (1988) Erdbebenkatalog des Territoriums der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik und der angrenzenden Gebiete von 823 bis 1984. Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Zentralinstitut für Physik der Erde 99, 38pp + Appendix, 139pp

  • Grünthal G (1991) Data file continuing the earthquake catalogue by Grünthal (1988) for the years 1985–1991. GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G (2005) Ein Schadenerdbeben am 19. Januar 1619 im Taunus? Mainz Naturwiss Arch 43:29–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Fischer J (1998a) Die Rekonstruktion des “Torgau”-Erdbebens vom 17. August 1553. Brandenburgische Geowiss Beitr 5(2):43–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Fischer J (1998b) A basic earthquake catalogue and a database for the evaluation of long-term seismology and seismic hazard (BEECD). App. D2 — Investigation Report of GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, BEECD — Final Report — Appendices D, 3–10

  • Grünthal G, Fischer J (1999) Zwei vermeintliche Schadenbeben in den Jahren 1565 und 1595 bei Zell an der Mosel. Mainz Naturwiss Arch 37:12–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Fischer J (2002) Irrtümliche Schadenbeben vom 20. Dezember 1777 und am 28. Januar 1778 in der Gegend von Feldkirche im Breisgau. Mainz Naturwiss Arch 40:89–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Meier R (1995) Das “Prignitz”-Erdbeben von 1409. Brandenburger Geowiss Beitr 2(2):5–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Schwarz J (2001) Reinterpretation der Parameter des Mitteldeutschen Bebens von 1872 und Ableitung von Erdbebenszenarien für die Region Ostthüringen. Thesis, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar 1/2:32–48

  • Grünthal G, Wahlström R (2003) An Mw based earthquake catalogue for central, northern and northwestern Europe using a hierarchy of magnitude conversions. J Seismol 7:507–531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Fischer J, Vogt J (1999) Neue Erkenntnisse zu angeblichen Schadenbeben im Raum Mainz im 15. Jahrhundert. Mainz Naturwiss Arch 37:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Stromeyer D, Kind R, Wylegalla K, Wahlström R, Yuan X, Bock G (2008) The Mw 3.1–4.7 earthquakes in the southern Baltic Sea and adjacent areas in 2000, 2001 and 2004. J Seismol 12:413–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Wahlström R, Stromeyer D (2009a) (GWS09) The unified catalogue of earthquakes in central, northern and northwestern Europe (CENEC) — updated and expanded to the last millennium. J Seismol 13:517–541. doi:10.1007/s10950-009-9154-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Stromeyer D, Wahlström R (2009b) Harmonization check of Mw within the central, northern and northwestern European earthquake catalogue (CENEC). J Seismol 13:613–632. doi:10.1007/s10950-008-9144-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Hakimhashemi A, Schelle H, Bosse C, Wahlström R (2009c) The long-term temporal behaviour of the seismicity of the Dead Sea Fault Zone and its implication for time-dependent seismic hazard assessments. Scientific Technical Report STR 09/09, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, p 45

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünthal G, Arvidsson R, Bosse C (2010) Earthquake model for the European-Mediterranean region for the purpose of GEM1. Scientific Technical Report 10/04, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, p 38

    Google Scholar 

  • Guidoboni E, Comastri A (1997) The large earthquake of 8 August 1303 in Crete: seismic scenario and tsunami in the Mediterranean area. J Seismol 1:55–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Guidoboni E, Comastri A (2005) Catalogue of earthquakes and tsunamis in the Mediterranean area from the 11th to the 15th century. Inst Naz Geofis Vulc, 1037pp

  • Guidoboni E, Comastri A, Traina G (1994) Catalogue of ancient earthquakes in the Mediterranean area up to the 10th century. Ist Naz Geofis, Rome, Italy, 504 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutdeutsch R, Hammerl Ch, Kaiser D (1999) Neubewertung der größten Erdbeben im nördlichen Oberrheingraben seit dem Jahr 858. Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft Jahrestagung, Abstracts, p 165

  • Gutenberg B, Richter CF (1942) Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration. Bull Seismol Soc Am 32:163–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Guterch B, Lewandowska-Marciniak H (2002) Seismicity and seismic hazard in Poland. Folia Quaternaria 73:85–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutscher M-A, Baptista MA, Miranda JM (2006) The Gibraltar Arc sesmogenic zone (part 2): constraints on a shallow east dipping fault plane source for the 1755 Lisbon earthquake provided by tsunami modeling and seismic intensity. Tectonophysics 426:153–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hainzl S, Kraft T, Wassermann J, Igel H, Schmedes E (2006) Evidence for rainfall-triggered earthquake activity. Geophys Res Lett 33:L19303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakimhashemi A, Grünthal G (2012) A statistical method for estimating catalog completeness applicable to long-term non-stationary seismicity data. Bull Seismol Soc Am (in press)

  • Hamdache M, Peláez JA, Talbi A, López Casado C (2010) A unified catalog of main earthquakes for Northern Algeria from 856 to 2008. Seismol Res Lett 81:732–739, /+ Data file also for smaller events/

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammerl Ch (2011) Historische Erdbebenforschung in Tirol im Rahmen des Interreg IV Projektes Hareia—historical and recent earthquakes in Italy and Austria. 12. D-A-CH Tagung—Erdbeben und Baudynamik, Hannover, Germany, 15–16 September 2011:37–48

  • Hammerl C, Lenhardt W (1997) Erdbeben in Österreich. Leykam Buchverlagsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, p 191

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanks TC, Kanamori H (1979) A moment magnitude scale. J Geophys Res 84:2348–2350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harbi A, Peresan A, Panza GF (2010) Seismicity of Eastern Algeria: a revised and extended earthquake catalogue. Nat Hazards. doi:10.1007/s11069-009-9497-6

  • Harbi A, Meghraoui M, Maouche S (2011) The Djidjelli (Algeria) earthquakes of 21 and 22 August 1856 (I0 VIII, IX) and related tsunami effects Revisited. J Seismol 15:105–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvard Central Moment Tensor Solutions. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. (www.globalcmt.org/CMTsearch.html)

  • Herak D (1995) Razdioba brzina prostornih valova potresa i seizmicnost sireg podrucja Dinare (Distribution of body-wave velocities and seismicity of the greater Dinara Mt. region). Ph D dissertation, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia (in Croatian with English abstract)

  • Herak M, Herak D, Markušić S (1996) Revision of the earthquake catalogue and seismicity of Croatia, 1908–1992. Terra Nova 8:86–94, /+ Data file until 2004/

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinzen KG (2005) Ground motion parameters of the July 22, 2002 M L Alsdorf (Germany) earthquake. Boll Geofis Teor Appl 46:303–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Houtgast G (1995) Aardbevingen in Nederland. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, The Netherlands 179, 166pp

  • IGC (2009a) Atles sísmic de Catalunya. Institut Geòlogic de Catalunya

  • IGC (2009b) Butlletins sismològics anuals. Institut Geòlogic de Catalunya

  • IGN (2005) Earthquake catalogue of Iberia. Instituto Geográfico Nacional-Spain, Madrid, Spain

    Google Scholar 

  • IGN (2010) Earthquake catalogue of Iberia. Instituto Geográfico Nacional-Spain, Madrid, Spain; Mw from IGN/EMSC are also listed under this notation

  • IMO (2007a) Data file of large Icelandic earthquakes up to 1990. Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavik, Iceland (http://hraun.vedur.is/ja/ymislegt/storskjalf.html)

  • IMO (2007b) Data file of Icelandic earthquakes with ML ≥ 3 from 1991 on. Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavik, Iceland (http://hraun.vedur.is/cgi-bin/sellib)

  • INFP (2009) Data file of Romanian earthquakes. National Institute for Earth Physics, Bucharest, Romania (www-old.infp.ro/catal.php)

  • INGV (2007) Data file of Italian earthquakes. Inst Naz Geofis Vulc, Milan, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • ISC bulletins International Seismological Centre (previously International Seismological Summary) bulletins. Newbury (previously Edinburgh), United Kingdom (www.isc.ac.uk/search/index.html)

  • Jiménez-Munt I, Negredo AM (2003) Neotectonic modelling of the western part of the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary: from the Mid-Atlantic ridge to Algeria. Earth Planet Sci Lett 205:257–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalafat D, Kekovali K, Günes Y, Yilmazer M, Kara M, Deniz P, Berberoğlu M (2009) A catalogue of source parameters of moderate and strong earthquakes for Turkey and its surrounding area (1938–2008). Boğaziçç Üniversitesi Report, Istanbul, Turkey

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalafat D, Güneş Y, Kara M, Denız P, Kekovali K, Sadi Kuleli H, Gülen L, Yilmazer M, Özel NM (2010) A revised and extended earthquake catalogue for Turkey since 1900 (M ≥ 4.0). Kandilli Observatory, Istanbul, Turkey (http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo/Mudim/katalog.asp)

  • Kárník V, Michal E, Molnár A (1957) Erdbebenkatalog der Tschechoslowakei bis zum Jahre 1956. Trav de l’Institut Géophys de l’ Acad Tchécoslovaque des Sci Prague Czechoslovakia 69:411–598

    Google Scholar 

  • Khair K, Karakaisis GF, Papadimitriou EE (2000) Seismic zonation of the Dead Sea Transform Fault area. Ann Geofis 43:61–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiratzi A, Louvari E (2003) Focal mechanisms of shallow earthquakes in the Aegean Sea and the surrounding lands determined by waveform modelling: a new database. J Geodyn 36:251–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klinger Y, Rivera L, Haessler H, Maurin J-C (1999) Active faulting in the Gulf of Aqaba: new knowledge from the Mw 7.3 earthquake of 22 November 1995. Bull Seismol Soc Am 89:1025–1036

    Google Scholar 

  • KNMI (2009) Data file of Dutch earthquakes. Het Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, The Netherlands (www.knmi.nl/seismologie/tectonische-bevingen-nl) and (www.knmi.nl/seismologie/tectonische-bevingen-regio)

  • Kondorskaya NW, Shebalin NW (1982) New Catalogue of strong earthquakes in the USSR from ancient times through 1977. World Data Center A for Seismology SE-31, Boulder, Colorado, USA, p 608

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondorskaya NV, Ulomov VI (1999) Special Earthquake Catalogue of Northern Eurasia From Ancient Times Through 1995 (SECNE). Joint Institute of Physics of the Earth (JIPE), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinou KI (2010) Crustal rheology of the Santorini-Amorgos zone: implication for the nucleation depth and rupture extent of the 9 July 1956 Amorgos earthquake, southern Aegean. J Geodyn 50:400–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunze Th (1986) Ausgangsparameter für die Abschätzung der seismischen Gefährdung in Mitteleuropa. Jahresber Mitt Oberrhein Geol Ver Stgt 68:225–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Labak P (1998) Data file of Slovak earthquakes. Geophysical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Google Scholar 

  • LDG (2005) Data file of French earthquakes 1962–2004. Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France

    Google Scholar 

  • LDG (2011) Data file of French earthquakes from 1962 and on. Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenhardt W (1996) Data file of Austrian earthquakes. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, Hauptabteilung für Geophysik, Vienna, Austria/until 1995/

  • Lenhardt W, Hammerl C (2010) Historical earthquakes in Lower Austria. Abstracts of the European Seismological Commission 32nd General Assembly, September 6-10, 2010, Montpellier, France, p 153 (plus presentation notes)

  • Leydecker G (1986) Erdbebenkatalog für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit Randgebieten für die Jahre 1000–1981. Geol Jb E36:83

    Google Scholar 

  • Leydecker G (1996) Data file updating and continuing (until 1994) the earthquake catalogue by Leydecker (1986). Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover, Germany (GER-CAT-FORMAT-16-11-2005.txt at www.bgr.de/quakecat)

  • Louvari E (2000) A detailed tectonic study in the Aegean Sea and the surrounding area with emphasis on the information obtained from microearthquakes. PhD thesis, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, 373pp

  • Louvari E, Kiratzi A (2001) Source parameters of the September 7, 1999 Athens (Greece) earthquake from teleseismic data. J Balkan Geophys Soc 43(3):51–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Louvari E, Kiratzi A, Papazachos B (1999) The Cephalonia transform fault and ist continuation to western Lefkada Island. Tectonophysics 308:223–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Louvari E, Kiratzi A, Papazachos B, Hatzidimitriou P (2001) Fault plane solutions determined by waveform modeling confirm tectonic collision in eastern Adriatic. Pure Appl Geophys 158:1613–1638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martínez Solares JM (2003) Historical seismicity of the Iberian Peninsula. Física de la Tierra 15:13–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Meidow H (1995) Rekonstruktion und Reinterpretation von historischen Erdbeben in den nördlichen Rheinlanden unter Berücksichtigung der Erfahrungen bei dem Erdbeben von Roermond am 13. April 1992. PhD thesis, University of Köln, 305pp

  • Meidow H (2001) Das Erdbeben vom 13. April 1767 bei Rotenburg a. d. Fulda. Deut Geophys Ges Mitt 4:4–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier R, Grünthal G (1992) Eine Neubewertung des Erdbebens vom 3. September 1770 bei Alfhausen (Niedersachsen). Osnabrücker Naturwiss Mitt 18:67–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Mezcua J (2002) Curso de ingeniería sísmica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 327pp

  • Milutinović Z (1998) Seismic hazard and countermeasures in the city of Skopje (course). Inst Earthq Eng and Eng Seismology, Univ. St. Cyrie and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia

  • Musson R (1994) Earthquake catalogue of Great Britain and surroundings. British Geolocical Survey, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Technical Report WL/94/04, Seismology Series, 99 pp

  • Musson R (2006) Data file of earthquakes with ML ≥ 3 in Great Britain and surroundings. British Geological Survey, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

    Google Scholar 

  • Musson RMW and Sargeant SL (2007) BGS UK earthquake database, Eurocode 8 seismic hazard zoning maps for the UK. British Geological Survey Technical Report CR/07/125

  • NEIC bulletins US National Earthquake Information Center bulletins 1917–1999. US Geological Survey, World Data Center A for Seismology, Boulder, Colorado, USA (http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/epic)

  • Neunhöfer H, Grünthal G (1995) Das Erdbeben vom 7. April 1847 im Thüringer Wald. Z Geol Wiss 23:277–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikonov AA (1992) Distribution of maximum observed tremors and zones of possible occurrence of earthquakes in Estonia. Izv Earth Phys 28:430–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunes JC, Forjaz VH, Oliveira CS (2004) Catálogo Sísmico da Região dos Açores. CD-Rom ISBN 972-8612-17-6

  • OGS (2006) The Bovec (SLO) earthquake (12.04.1998). Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS), L’Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Udine, Italy. Available at http://www.crs.inogs.it

  • Olivera C, Redondo E, Lambert J, Riera-Melis A, Roca A (2008) Review of historical earthquakes in the lower Middle Ages: Earthquakes of the XIV and XV centuries in Catalonia (NE Spain). In: Fréchet J, Meghraoui M, Stucchi M (eds) Historical seismicity, interdisciplinary studies of past and recent earthquakes, Springer, 209–230

  • Oncescu MC, Marza VI, Rizescu M, Popa M (1999) The Romanian earthquake catalogue between 984-1997/+ Data file until September 1998/. In: Wenzel F, Lungu D (eds) Contributions from the First International Workshop on Vrançea Earthquakes, Bucharest, Romania, November 1–4, 1997, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp 43–48

  • ORB (2007) Data files of Belgian earthquakes. Observatoire Royale du Belgique, Brussels, Belgium (http://seismologie.oma.be/index.php?)

  • Pagaczewski J (1972) Catalogue of earthquakes in Poland in 1000–1970 years. Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 51, 61 pp

  • Panagiotou M (2000) Regional stress tensor inversion in central Greece. MSc thesis, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece

  • Papadopoulos GA, Daskalaki E, Fokaefs A, Giraleas N (2007) Tsunami hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean: strong earthquakes and tsunamis in the East Hellenic arc and trench system. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 7:57–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Papaioannou, ChA (2001) A model for the shallow and intermediate depth seismic sources in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Boll Geof Teor Appl 42:57–73/+ Data file until 2008/

    Google Scholar 

  • Papazachos BC, Papaioannou ChA (1999) Lithospheric boundaries and plate motions in the Cyprus area. Tectonophysics 308:193–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papazachos BC, Comninakis PE, Karakaisis GF, Karakostas BG, Papaioannou ChA, Papazachos CB, Scordilis EM (2003) A catalogue of earthquakes in Greece and surrounding area for the period 550BC–1999. In: Lee WHK, Kanamori H, Jennings PC, Kisslinger C (eds) International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology IASPEI, Part B, CD #3, Academic Press

  • Papazachos BC, Comninakis PE, Scordilis EM, Karakaisis GF, Papazachos CB (2009) A catalogue of earthquakes in Greece and surrounding area for the period 1901–2008 Publication of the Geophysics Laboratory, University of Thessaloniki http://geophysics.geo.auth.gr/ss/catalogs_en.html

  • Peláez JA, Chourak M, Tadili BA, Brahim LA, Hamdache M, López Casado C, Martínez Solares JM (2007) A catalog of main Moroccan earthquakes from 1045 to 2005. Seismol Res Lett 78:614–621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perea H (2009) The Catalan seismic crisis (1427 and 1428; NE Iberian Peninsula): geological sources and earthquake triggering. J Geodyn 47:259–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pettenati F, Sirovich L, Bungum H, Schweitzer J (2005) Source inversion of regional intensity patterns of five earthquakes from south-western Norway. Boll Geofis Teor Appl 46:111–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Pino NA, Piatanesi A, Valensise G, Boschi E (2009) The 28 December 1908 Messina Straits earthquake (Mw7.1): a great earthquake throughout a century of seismology. Seismol Res Lett 80:243–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pondrelli S, Morelli A, Ekström G, Mazza S, Boschi E, Dziewonski AM (2002) European-Mediterranean regional centroid-moment tensors: 1997–2000. Phys Earth Planet Inter 130:71–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pondrelli S, Morelli A, Ekström G (2004) European-Mediterranean regional centroid moment tensor catalog: solutions for years 2001 and 2002. Phys Earth Planet Inter 145:127–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pondrelli S, Salimbeni S, Morelli A, Ekström G, Boschi E (2007) European-Mediterranean regional centroid moment tensor catalogue: solutions for years 2003 and 2004. Phys Earth Planet Inter 164:90–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pondrelli S, Salimbeni S, Morelli A, Ekström G, Postpischl L, Vannucci G, Boschi E (2011) European-Mediterranean regional centroid moment tensor catalog: solutions for 2005–2008. Phys Earth Planet Inter 185:74–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prinz D, Hollnack D, Wohlenberg J (1994) The seismic activity near Aachen following the 1992 Roermond earthquake, the Netherlands. Geol Mijnbouw 73:235–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Roumelioti Z, Kiratzi A, Benetatos Ch (2010) The instability of the Mw and ML comparison for earthquakes in Greece for the period 1969 to 2007. J Seismol 14:309–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roumelioti Z, Kiratzi A, Benetatos Ch (2011) Time-domain moment tensors for shallow (h ≤ 40 km) earthquakes in the broader Aegean Sea for the years 2006 and 2007: the database of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. J Geodyn 51:179–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rueda J, Mezcua J (2002) Estudio del Terremoto de 23 de Septiembre de 2001 en Pego (Alicante). Obtención de una relación mbLg-Mw para la Península Ibérica. Rev Soc Geol Esp 15:159–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Sbeinati MR, Darawcheh R, Mouty M (2005) The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 BC to 1900 AD. Ann Geophys 48:347–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Schellbach K, Grünthal G (2012) Katalog der Erdbeben Zentraleuropas 1000-1299—eine kritische Analyse mittelalterlicher Quellen. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, internal report

  • Schenková Z (1993) Earthquake catalogue for Czechoslovakia. Pure Appl Geophys 119:1077–1092, /+ Data file until 1984/

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider G (1998) Neue Bemessungsspektren für Deutschland. In: DIN Symposium 21.01.1998, Leinfelden, Germany

  • Shaw B, Ambraseys NN, England PC, Floyd MA, Gorman GJ, Higham TFG, Jackson JA, Nocquet J-M, Pain CC, Piggott MD (2008) Eastern Mediterranean tectonics and tsunami hazard inferred from the AD 365 earthquake. Nat Geosci 1:268–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shebalin NV, Leydecker G, Mokrushina NG, Tatevossian RE, Erteleva OO, Vassiliev VYu (1998) Earthquake catalogue for central and southeastern Europe 342 BC–1990 AD. European Commission, Report ETNU CT 93-0087, Brussels, Belgium

  • Sørensen M, Spada M, Babeyko A, Wiemer S, Grünthal G (2012) Probabilistic tsunami hazard in the Mediterranean Sea. J Geophys Res 117:B01305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stich D, Battló J, Morales J, Macià R, Dineva S (2005) Source parameters of the Mw = 6.1 Adra earthquake (southern Spain). Geophys J Int 155:539–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stich D, Martin R, Morales J (2010) Moment tensor inversion for Iberia-Maghreb earthquakes 2005–2008. Tectonophysics 483:390–398. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.11.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stromeyer D, Grünthal G, Wahlström R (2004) Chi-square regression for seismic strength parameter relations, and their uncertainties, with applications to an Mw based earthquake catalogue for central, northern and northwestern Europe. J Seismol 8:143–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sulstarova E, Koçiu S, Muço B, Peçi V (2000) Catalogue of earthquakes in Albania with Ms ≥ 4.5 for the period 58-2000. Internal Report. Seismological Institute, Tirana, Albania

    Google Scholar 

  • Swiss Moment Tensor Solutions (SMTS). Moment tensor solutions from the Swiss Seismological Service. Swiss Seismological Service, Zurich, Switzerland (www.seismo.ethz.ch/mt)

  • SZGRF (2010) Gräfenberg Seismological Central Observatory bulletins, Erlangen, Germany (www.szgrf.bgr.de/bulletins.html)

  • Teves-Costa P, Batlló J (2011) The 23 April 1909 Benavente earthquake (Portugal): macroseismic field revision. J Seismol 15:59–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tibi R, Bock G, Xia Y, Baumbach M, Grosser H, Milkereit C, Karakisa S, Zünbül S, Kind R, Zschau J (2001) Rupture processes of the 1999 August 17 Izmit and November 12 Düzce (Turkey) earthquakes. Geophys J Int 144:F1–F7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tóth L, Mónus P, Zsíros T, Kiszely M, Czifra T (2006) Data file of Hungarian earthquakes. GeoRisk Ltd, Budapest, Hungary/for 2000-2005/(www.georisk.hu)

  • Tsikalas F, Faleide JI, Eldholm O (2012) The NE Atlantic conjugate margins. In: Bally AW, Roberts DG (eds) Phanerozoic Regional Geology of the World, Vol. 1, Elsevier, 900pp

  • Turkish GSHAP catalogue (2000) Turkish catalogue of significant earthquakes provided for GSHAP. Available at Swiss Seismological Service, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland (www.seismo.ethz.ch/gshap/turkey/seisgshap.prn)

  • Uhrhammer RA, Loper SJ, Romanowicz B (1996) Determination of local magnitude using BDSN broadband records. Bull Seismol Soc Am 86:1314–1330

    Google Scholar 

  • Utsu K (2002) Relationships between magnitude scales. In: Lee WHK, Kanamori H, Jennings PC, Kisslinger C (eds) International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology. Academic, Part A, pp 733–746

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Vannucci G, Tripone D, Palombo B, Ferrari G (2010) The Garfagnana (Italy) earthquake of 7th September 1920: Reassessment of the main seismological parameters. Abstracts of the European Seismological Commission 32nd General Assembly, September 6–10, Montpellier, France, p 52

  • Verbeiren R, Camelbeeck Th, Alexandre P (1995) Data file of Belgian earthquakes. Observatoire Royale du Belgique, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • Vilanova S, Fonseca J (2007) Probabilistic seismic-hazard assessment for Portugal. Bull Seismol Soc Am 97:1702–1717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt J (1991) Die Bebenfolge vom Mai 1733 im “Rheingebiet”. Mainz Naturwiss Arch 29:65–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt J (1993a) Révision de la crise sismique rhénane de mai 1737. In: Stucchi M (ed) Materials of the CEC Project “Review of Historical Seismicity in Europe”, CNR Milan, pp 89–100

  • Vogt J (1993b) Révision de la crise sismique nord-rhénane de novembre 1787. In: Stucchi M (ed) Materials of the CEC Project “Review of Historical Seismicity in Europe”, CNR Milan, pp 237–241

  • Vogt J (1996) Révision de quelques séismes rhénans (milieu du XVe-début du XVIIe siècle). Rev d’Alsace 122:265–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt J, Grünthal G (1994) Die Erdbebenfolge vom Herbst 1612 im Raum Bielefeld-Ein bisher unberücksichtigtes Schadenbeben. Geowissenschaften 12:236–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahlström R, Grünthal G (1994) Seismicity and seismotectonic implications in the southern Baltic Sea area. Terra Nova 6:149–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmazturk A, Burton PW (1999) Earthquake source parameters as inferred from body waveform modeling, southern Turkey. J Geodyn 27:469–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ZAMG (2009) Data file of Austrian earthquakes. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, Hauptabteilung für Geophysik, Vienna, Austria

  • Zedník J (2005) Catalogs of regional seismic events — Czech Regional Seismological Network. Geophysical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Czech Republic

    Google Scholar 

  • Zilberman E, Amit R, Porat N, Enzel Y, Avner U (2005) Surface ruptures induced by the devastating 1068 AD earthquake in the southern Arava valley, Dead Sea Rift, Israel. Tectonophysics 408:79–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zitellini N, Gràcia E, Matias L, Terrinha P, Abreu MA, DeAlteriis G, Henriet JP, Dañobeitia JJ, Masson DG, Mulder T, Ramella R, Somoza L, Diez S (2009) The quest for the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary west of the Strait of Gibraltar. Earth Planet Sci Lett 280:13–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Živčić M (1993) Data file “Earthquake Catalogue of Slovenia” of the Seismology and Geology Office. Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Google Scholar 

  • Zsíros T (1983) The Érmellék earthquake of 1834. Acta Geodaet Geophys Montanist Hung 18:129–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Zsíros T (1994) Data file of Hungarian earthquakes. Seismological Observatory, Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, /for 1987-1994/

    Google Scholar 

  • Zsíros T (1999) Data file of Hungarian earthquakes. Seismological Observatory, Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

    Google Scholar 

  • Zsíros T, Mónus P, Tóth L (1990) Hungarian earthquake catalogue (456-1986). Seismological Observatory, Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, p 182

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

For access to new catalogues and other data, our thanks are due to S. Aliaj (for Albania data), A. Harbi (Algeria), Ch. Hammerl and W. Lenhardt (Austria), J. Batlló (Azores and Catalonia), B. Glavatović and M. Herak (the Balkans), Th. Camelbeeck (Belgium), R. Glavcheva, I. Paskaleva (Bulgaria), M. Uski (Fennoscandia), J. Lambert and M. Nicolas (France), C. Papaioannou and B. Papazachos (Greece), A. I. Álvarez (Iberia and Maghreb), M. Stucchi (Italy), L. Feldman, A. Hofstetter, and A. Shapira (Near East), H. Bungum (Norway), B. Guterch (Poland), F. Carrilho and S. Vilanova (Portugal), D. Fäh (Switzerland), D. Kalafat and K. Sesetyan (Turkey), and R. Musson (UK). The authors also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for valuable remarks. Our colleague D. Stromeyer provided significant contributions to the study. Other institutional colleagues contributing were, Ch. Bosse, U. Lemgo, K. Schellbach, S. Strutzke, and A. Wirth. Financial support was provided from Aon Benfield.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section “Seismic Hazard and Stress Field”, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Gottfried Grünthal & Rutger Wahlström

Authors
  1. Gottfried Grünthal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rutger Wahlström
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gottfried Grünthal.

Annexes

Annexes

Table 1 National and regional catalogues and data files and their associated polygons
Full size table
Table 2 Special studies contributing to the Catalogue
Full size table
Table 3 Polygons and the hierarchy of catalogues to which they are associated for different time periods
Full size table
Table 4 Algorithms for calculation of M w for the different catalogues — the southern part (the relations refer to Section 3.3). Original Mw (or M0) values usually have highest priority. In formulae containing the focal depth, h=10 km is set if no value is given
Full size table
Table 5 Algorithms for calculation of M w for the different catalogues — the northern part (when not quoted as “this study”, the relations refer to the GWS09 study). Original Mw (or M0) values usually have highest priority. In formulae containing the focal depth, h=10 km is set if no value is given
Full size table

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Grünthal, G., Wahlström, R. The European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue (EMEC) for the last millennium. J Seismol 16, 535–570 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9302-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9302-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation