Skip to main content

Government Budget Restraint

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
  • 20 Accesses

Abstract

Macroeconomic policy analysis has changed since the government budget restraint (GBR) was incorporated into macroeconomic models. The GBR is the requirement that the total of government expenditure for all purposes – interest, other transfer payments, and goods and services – must equal the total of government financing from all sources – taxes, borrowing from the central bank (i.e. printing money), borrowing from others, and net reduction in reserves of assets such as gold, foreign currency or minerals. For simplicity we ignore changes in reserves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 6,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 8,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Barro, R. 1974. Are government bonds net wealth? Journal of Political Economy 82: 1095–1117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barro, R. 1976. Reply to Feldstein and Buchanan. Journal of Political Economy 84: 343–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christ, C.F. 1978. Some dynamic theory of macroeconomic policy effects on income and prices under the government budget restraint. Journal of Monetary Economics 4: 45–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christ, C.F. 1979. On fiscal and monetary policies and the government budget restraint. American Economic Review 69: 526–538.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, J.M. 1936. The general theory of employment interest and money. New York: Harcourt Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCallum, B.T. 1978. On macroeconomic instability from a monetarist policy rule. Economics Letters 1: 121–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCallum, B.T. 1984. Are bond-financed deficits inflationary? A Ricardian analysis. Journal of Political Economy 92: 123–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metzler, L.A. 1951. Wealth, saving and the rate of interest. Journal of Political Economy 59: 93–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modigliani, F. 1944. Liquidity preference and the theory of interest and money. Econometrica 12: 45–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patinkin, D. 1956. Money, interest, and prices. Evanston: Row Peterson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelps, E.S. 1965. Second essay on the golden rule of accumulation. American Economic Review 55: 793–814.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sargent, T. 1979. Macroeconomic theory. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sargent, T., and N. Wallace. 1981. Some unpleasant monetarist arithmetic. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review, Fall, 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobin, J., and W. Buiter. 1976. Long-run effects of fiscal and monetary policy on aggregate demand. In Monetarism, ed. Jerome L. Stein. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Copyright information

© 2018 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Christ, C.F. (2018). Government Budget Restraint. In: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_851

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics