Skip to main content

Purchasing Power Parity

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
  • 152 Accesses

Abstract

This article expounds the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis as a theory of exchange rate determination. The long history of PPP and its contribution to thinking in international finance is discussed, with reference to implications both for open economy theory and for economic policy. The large literature on empirical testing of the validity of PPP is reviewed, with particular reference to work carried out since 1990.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   6,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   8,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Aizenman, J. 1986. Testing deviations from purchasing power parity (PPP). Journal of International Money and Finance 5: 25–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balassa, B. 1964. The purchasing power parity doctrine: A reappraisal. Journal of Political Economy 72: 584–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, M., and A. Stockman. 1989. Business cycles and the exchange rate regime: Some international evidence. Journal of Monetary Economics 23: 377–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhagwati, J. 1984. Why services are cheaper in poor countries. Economic Journal 94: 279–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunner, K., and A. Meltzer. n.d. Carnegie-Rochester conference series. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassel, G. 1916. The present situation of the foreign exchanges I. Economic Journal 26: 62–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel, G. 1918. Abnormal deviations in international exchanges. Economic Journal 28: 413–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel, G. 1922. Money and foreign exchange after 1914, 1930. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassel, G. 1928a. Foreign investments, Lectures of the Harris Foundation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassel, G. 1928b. Post-war monetary stabilization. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chari, V., P. Kehoe, and E. McGrattan. 2002. Can sticky price models generate persistent and volatile real exchange rates? Review of Economic Studies 69: 533–563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crucini, M., C. Telmer, and M. Zachariadis. 2005. Understanding European real exchange rates. American Economic Review 95: 724–738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixit, A., and J. Stiglitz. 1977. Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity. American Economic Review 67: 297–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dornbusch, R. 1976. Expectations and exchange rate dynamics. Journal of Political Economy 84: 1161–1176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dornbusch, R. 1982. PPP exchange rate rules and macroeconomic stability. Journal of Political Economy 90: 158–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dornbusch, R. 1987. Exchange rates and prices. American Economic Review 77: 93–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dornbusch, R., S. Fischer, and P. Samuelson. 1977. Comparative advantage, trade and payments in a Ricardian model with a continuum of goods. American Economic Review 67: 823–839.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumas, B. 1992. Dynamic equilibrium and the real exchange rate in spatially separated world. Review of Financial Studies 5: 153–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engel, C. 1999. Accounting for US real exchange rate changes. Journal of Political Economy 107: 507–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, M. 1962. Domestic financial policies under fixed and under floating exchange rates. IMF Staff Papers 9: 369–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, J. 1990. Zen and the art of modern macroeconomics: The search for perfect nothingness. In Monetary policy for a volatile global economy, ed. W. Haraf and T. Willett. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frenkel, J., and H. Johnson, eds. 1975. The monetary approach to the balance of payments. London: George Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frenkel, J., and H. Johnson, eds. 1978. The economics of flexible exchange rates. Reading: Addison Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Great Britain. 1810. Report from the Select Committee on the High Price of Gold Bullion: Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed, 8 June 1810. Great Britain: Parliamentary Debates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haberler, G. 1961. A survey of international trade theory: Special papers in international economics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrod, R. 1939. International economics, 1957. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. 1967. The purchasing power parity theory: In defense of Gustav Cassel as a modern theorist. Journal of Political Economy 75: 686–695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh, D. 1982. The determinants of the real exchange rate. Journal of International Economics 12: 355–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Imbs, J., H. Mumtaz, M. Ravn, and H. Rey. 2005. PPP strikes back: Aggregation and the real exchange rate. Quarterly Journal of Economics 120: 1–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isard, P. 1977. How far can we push the ‘law of one price’. American Economic Review 67: 942–948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, J.M. 1923. A tract on monetary reform, 1971. London: Macmillan and St. Martin’s Press for the Royal Economic Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koedijk, K., B. Tims, and M. van Dijk. 2004. Purchasing power parity and the euro area. Journal of International Money and Finance 23: 1081–1107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kravis, I., and R. Lipsey. 1978. Price behavior in the light of balance of payments theories. Journal of International Economics 8: 193–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kravis, I., and R. Lipsey. 1983. Toward an explanation of national price levels, Princeton studies in international finance. Vol. 52. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kravis, I., A. Heston, and R. Summers. 1978. Real GDP per capita for more than one hundred countries. Economic Journal 88: 215–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kravis, I., A. Heston, and R. Summers. 1982. World product and income: International comparisons of real gross product. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lothian, J., and M. Taylor. 1996. Real exchange rate behavior: The recent float from the perspective of the past two centuries. Journal of Political Economy 104: 488–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michael, P., A. Nobay, and D. Peel. 1997. Transactions costs and nonlinear adjustment in real exchange rates: An empirical investigation. Journal of Political Economy 105: 862–879.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mundell, R. 1968. International economics. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mundell, R. 1971. Monetary theory. Pacific Palisades: Goodyear.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mussa, M. 1979. Empirical regularities in the behavior of exchange rates and theories of the foreign exchange market. In Policies for employment, prices, and exchange rates, vol. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nurkse, R. 1944. International currency experience: Lessons of the interwar period. Geneva: League of Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obstfeld, M., and A. Taylor. 2004. Global capital markets: Integration, crisis, and growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Officer, L. 1984. Purchasing power parity and exchange rates. Greenwich: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogoff, K. 1996. The purchasing power parity puzzle. Journal of Economic Literature 34: 647–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P.A. 1964. Theoretical notes on trade problems. The Review of Economics and Statistics 46: 145–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarno, L. 2005. Towards a solution to the puzzles in exchange rate economics: Where do we stand? Canadian Journal of Economics 38: 673–708.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarno, L., and G. Valente. 2006. Deviations from purchasing power parity under different exchange rate regimes: Do they revert and, if so, how? Journal of Banking and Finance 30: 3147–3169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schumpeter, J. 1954. History of economic analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, A. 2001. Potential pitfalls for the purchasing power parity puzzle? Sampling and specification biases in mean reversion tests of the law of one price. Econometrica 69: 473–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, A., and M. Taylor. 2004. The purchasing power parity debate. Journal of Economic Perspectives 18 (4): 135–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M., D. Peel, and L. Sarno. 2001. Nonlinear mean-reversion in real exchange rates: Toward a solution to the purchasing power parity puzzles. International Economic Review 42: 1015–1042.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viner, J. 1937. Studies in the theory of international trade. London: George Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, J. 1965. The crawling peg, Essays in international finance. Vol. 50. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, J., ed. 1982. The crawling peg: Past performance and future prospects. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, J. 1983. The exchange rate system, Institute for international economics, policy analyses in international economics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeager, L. 1958. A rehabilitation of purchasing power parity. Journal of Political Economy 66: 516–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. 1925. European currency and finance. Commission of Gold and Silver Enquiry, United States Senate, Serial 9. New York: Garland, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Copyright information

© 2018 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Sarno, L. (2018). Purchasing Power Parity. In: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_1834

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics