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Liberty

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Abstract

In The Philosophy of History Hegel declared that the history of the world was the history of freedom. Human history had been a process of education and self-discovery at the end of which men could see that freedom and reason were their very essence. But Hegel was conscious of the fact that ‘freedom’ was not the same thing at all stages of its history – a truth which is reflected in the inconclusiveness of philosophical attempts to answer the question ‘what is freedom?’.

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Bibliography

  • Berlin, I. 1969. Four essays on liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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  • Hegel, G.W.F. 1822–30. Lectures on the philosophy of world history: Introduction. Trans. H.B. Nisbet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.

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  • Lukes, S.M. 1985. Marxism and morality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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  • Macpherson, C.B. 1973. Democratic theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

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  • Mill, J.S. 1859. On liberty, , 1974. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

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  • Nozick, R. 1974. Anarchy, state and utopia. New York: Basic Books.

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© 2018 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.

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Ryan, A. (2018). Liberty. In: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_1002

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