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Enrobotment: Toy Robots in the Developing Brain

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Handbook of Digital Games and Entertainment Technologies

Abstract

Based on the internalized “object” and using cognitive, clinical, neuro-functional, and engineering arguments, this chapter analyzes the concept of enrobotment. Playing with objects/toys (including the imperceptible part, i.e., the shadow) implies that the objects/toys are part of the external environment, i.e., the “other.” The enrobotment signifies that the object’s internalization not only reflects the impact of the environment on child’s development but it also reverberates the echo of the child’s representations. An intermediate object (including shadow) is conceived in mind by the child him/herself. Having a high emotional value and forming an implicit/explicit autobiographical continuum in memory, it ensures the cohesion between the “self” and “other,” and it authorizes subjectification. The correlated representations allow the invention of ideas and concepts; motor and verbal actions including their intention prosper. Intention attribution to objects/toys constitutes a precursor of self-consciousness, as this intention, a specific anticipation, helps children to understand what it signifies to have a perspective. Recognizing what it implies to be a “self” is a parcel of envisioning mental states of the “other.” At the antipode, autism can be considered as an antithesis of self-consciousness. Children with autism cannot mirror the triadic relationship of “object-self-other.” Enrobotment allows them to improve their capability to be “self,” i.e., to emerge “self”-complexity.

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  1. Virtual Reality Prism, IHU-A-Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), UPMC, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

    Irini Giannopulu

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  1. Design School, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Ryohei Nakatsu

  2. Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Matthias Rauterberg

  3. Dipto. Scienze dell'Informazione, Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy

    Paolo Ciancarini

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Giannopulu, I. (2017). Enrobotment: Toy Robots in the Developing Brain. In: Nakatsu, R., Rauterberg, M., Ciancarini, P. (eds) Handbook of Digital Games and Entertainment Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-50-4_59

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