Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Millimeter-Wave Antennas and Arrays

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Antenna Technologies

Abstract

The growing interest associated with exploiting the millimeter-wave spectrum for future wireless communication devices and networks has rendered the ensuing need for in-depth research and development of advanced millimeter-wave antennas. This chapter provides an overview of the background and motivation of ultrafast, low-latency millimeter-wave wireless applications as well as key characteristics of the spectrum. Major antenna design considerations and techniques are introduced and discussed in detail. The discussion is followed with state-of-the-art millimeter-wave antenna design techniques applicable to next-generation wireless devices. The chapter is concluded with discussions of future directions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 1,799.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 2,999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbaspour-Tamijani A, Sarabandi K (2003) An affordable millimeter-wave beam-steerable antenna using interleaved planar subarrays. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 51:2193–2202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Henawy M, Schneider M (2011) Integrated antennas in eWLB packages for 77 GHz and 79 GHz automotive radar sensors. In: 41st European microwave conference (EuMC) 41st. Manchester, United Kingdom, pp 1312–1315

    Google Scholar 

  • Alhalabi RA, Rebeiz GM (2009) High-gain Yagi-Uda antennas for millimeter-wave switched-beam systems. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 57:3672–3676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Artemenko A, Maltsev A, Maslennikov R, Sevastyanov A, Ssorin V (2011) Beam steerable quartz integrated lens antenna for 60 GHz frequency band. In: Proceedings of the 5th European conference on antennas and propagation (EUCAP). Rome, Italy, pp 758–762

    Google Scholar 

  • Baek KH, Hong W (2013) Highly miniaturized vertical end-fire antenna array for mmWave wireless communication. In: Antennas and propagation society international symposium (APSURSI). Orlando, Florida, USA, pp 992–993

    Google Scholar 

  • Behdad N, Shi D, Hong W, Sarabandi K, Flynn MP (2007) A 0.3 mm2 Miniaturized X-band on-chip slot antenna in 0.13um CMOS. In: IEEE radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC) symposium. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp 441–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Bereka D, Gopinath A, Sainati B (2014) Design of a 60GHz integrated antenna on silicon substrate. In: IEEE antennas and propagation society international symposium (APSURSI). Memphis, Tennessee, USA, pp 1063–1064

    Google Scholar 

  • Black DN, Wiltse JC (1987) Millimeter-wave characteristics of phase-correcting Fresnel zone plates. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 35:1122–1129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Niknejad A (2011) A compact 1V 18.6dBm 60GHz power amplifier in 65nm CMOS. In: IEEE solid-state circuits conference (ISSCC). San Francisco, California, USA, pp 432–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Chin WH, Fan Z, Haines R (2014) Emerging technologies and research challenges for 5G wireless networks. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag 21:106–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chu H, Guo Y, Lin F, Shi XQ (2009) Wideband 60GHz on-chip antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor. In: IEEE international symposium on radio-frequency integration technology, pp 307–310

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen E, Ruberto M, Cohen M, Pan H, Ravid S (2013) Antenna packaging of a 32 element TX/RX phased array RFIC for 60GHz communications. In: 2013 I.E. international conference on microwaves, communications, antennas and electronics systems (COMCAS). Tel Aviv, Israel, pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • El Sabbagh MA, Kermani MH, Omar MR (2004) Accurate broad-band measurement of complex permittivity using striplines. In: Antennas and Propagation Society international symposium, 2004, vol 1. IEEE, Monterey, pp 233–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Emami S, Wiser R, Ali E, Forbes M, Gordon M, Guan X, Lo S, McElwee P, Parker J, Tani J, Gilbert J, Doan C (2011) A 60GHz CMOS phased-array transceiver pair for multi-Gb/s wireless communications. In: IEEE solid-state circuits conference (ISSCC). San Francisco, California, USA, pp 164–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Fang X, Linton D, Walker C, Collins B (2004) A tunable split resonator method for nondestructive permittivity characterization. Instrum Meas IEEE Trans 53(6):1473–1478

    Google Scholar 

  • Fratticcioli E, Dionigi M, Sorrentino R (2004) A simple and low-cost measurement system for the complex permittivity characterization of materials. Instrum Meas IEEE Trans 53(4):1071–1077

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh A, Thomas T, Cudak M, Ratasuk R, Moorut P, Vook F, Rappaport T, MacCartney G, Sun S, Nie S (2014) Millimeter-wave enhanced local area systems: a high-data-rate approach for future wireless networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 32:1152–1163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington RF (1961) Time-harmonic electromagnetic fields McGraw-Hill

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong W, Baek KH, Goudelev A (2012) Multilayer antenna package for IEEE 802.11 ad employing ultralow-cost FR4. IEEE Trans FR4 Antennas Propag 60:5932–5938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong W, Baek KH, Goudelev A (2013) Grid assembly-free 60-GHz antenna module embedded in FR-4 transceiver carrier board. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 61:1573–1580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong W, Baek K, Lee Y, Kim YG (2014a) Design and analysis of a low-profile 28GHz beam steering antenna solution for Future 5G cellular applications. In: IEEE international microwave symposium (IMS). Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong W, Baek KH, Lee Y, Kim Y, Ko ST (2014b) Study and prototyping of practically large-scale mmWave antenna systems for 5G cellular devices. IEEE Commun Mag 52:63–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hristov HD, Herben MH (1995) Millimeter-wave Fresnel-zone plate lens and antenna. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 43:2779–2785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jo O, Hong W, Choi S, Chang S, Kwon C, Oh J, Cheun K (2014) Holistic design considerations for realization of environmentally adaptive 60 GHz beamforming technology. IEEE Commun Mag 52:30–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katehi P, Alexopoulos N (1983) On the effect of substrate thickness and permittivity on printed circuit dipole properties. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 31:34–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kong L, Seo D, Alon E (2013) A 50mW-TX 65mW-RX 60GHz 4-element phased-array transceiver with integrated antennas in 65nm CMOS. In: IEEE solid-state circuits conference (ISSCC), San Francisco, California, USA, pp 234–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin F, Ooi BL (2009) Integrated millimeter-wave on-chip antenna design employing artificial magnetic conductor. In: IEEE international symposium on radio-frequency integration technology. Nanyang Executive Centre, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, pp 174–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Pfeiffer U, Grzyb J, Gaucher B (2009) Advanced millimeter-wave technologies: antennas, packaging and circuits. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Akkermans JA, Chen HC, Floyd B (2011) Packages with integrated 60-GHz aperture-coupled patch antennas. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 59:3607–3616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcus M, Pattan B (2005) Millimeter wave propagation; spectrum management implications. IEEE Microwave Mag 6:54–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marnat L, Carreno AA, Conchouso D, Martinez MG, Foulds IG, Shamim A (2013) New movable plate for efficient millimeter wave vertical on-chip antenna. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 61:1608–1615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Natarajan AS (2007) Millimeter-wave phased arrays in silicon. California Institute of Technology. Pasadena, CA, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Natarajan A, Tsai MD, Floyd B (2009) 60GHz RF-path phase-shifting two-element phased-array front-end in silicon. In: 2009 symposium on VLSI circuits. Kyoto, Japan, pp 250–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada K, Minami R, Tsukui Y, Kawai S, Seo Y, Sato S, Kondo S, Ueno T, Takeuchi Y, Yamaguchi T, Musa A, Wu R, Miyahara M, Matsuzawa A (2014) A 64-QAM 60GHz CMOS transceiver with 4-channel bonding. IEEE solid-state circuits conference (ISSCC). San Francisco, California, USA, pp 346–347

    Google Scholar 

  • Pozar DM (1985) Microstrip antenna aperture-coupled to a microstripline. Electron Lett 21:49–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pozar DM (1992) Microstrip antennas. Proc IEEE 80:79–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roh W, Seol JY, Park J, Lee B, Lee J, Kim Y, Cho J, Cheun K, Aryanfar F (2014) Millimeter-wave beamforming as an enabling technology for 5G cellular communications: theoretical feasibility and prototype result. IEEE Commun Mag 52:106–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan CG, Chaharmir MR, Shaker J, Bray JR, Antar YM, Ittipiboon A (2010) A wideband transmitarray using dual-resonant double square rings. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 58:1486–1493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shannon CA (1948) Mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst Tech J 27:379–423

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sun S, MacCartney G, Samimi M, Nie S, Rappaport T (2014) Millimeter wave multi-beam antenna combining for 5G cellular link improvement in New York City. In: 2014 I.E. international conference on communications (ICC). Sydney, Australia, pp 5468–5473

    Google Scholar 

  • Talwar S, Choudhury D, Dimou K, Aryafar E, Bangerter B, Stewart K (2014) Enabling technologies and architectures for 5G wireless. In: IEEE international microwave symposium (IMS). Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Taori R, Sridharan A (2014) In-band, point to multi-point, mm-Wave backhaul for 5G networks. In: 2014 I.E. international conference on communications workshops (ICC). Sydney, Australia, pp 96–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsukizawa T, Shirakata N, Morita T, Tanaka K, Sato J, Morishita Y, Kanemaru M, Kitamura R, Shima T, Nakatani T, Miyanaga K, Urushihara T, Yoshikawa H, Sakamoto T, Motozuka H, Shirakawa Y, Yosoku N, Yamamoto A, Shiozaki R, Saito N (2013) A fully integrated 60GHz CMOS transceiver chipset based on WiGig/IEEE802.11ad with built-in self calibration for mobile applications. In: IEEE international solid-state circuits conference (ISSCC). San Francisco, California, USA, pp 230–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdes-Garcia A, Natarajan, A, Liu D, Sanduleanu M, Gu X, Ferriss M, Parker B, Baks C, Plouchart JO, Ainspan H, Sadhu B, Islam M, Reynolds S (2013) A fully-integrated dual-polarization 16-element W-band phased-array transceiver in SiGe BiCMOS. In: IEEE radio frequency integrated circuits symposium (RFIC). Kyoto, Japan, pp 375–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogler LE (1982) An attenuation function for multiple knife-edge diffraction. Radio Sci 17:1541–1546, Wiley Online Library

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Low K, Che F, Pang H, Yeo S (2003) Modeling and simulation of printed circuit board drop test. In: 2003 5th conference on electronics packaging technology, (EPTC 2003). Singapore, pp 263–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Willmot R, Kim D, Peroulis D (2009) High-efficiency wire bond antennas for on-chip radios. IEEE international microwave symposium (IMS). Boston, MA, USA, pp 1561–1564

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang XS, Wang BZ, Wu W (2005) Pattern reconfigurable patch antenna with two orthogonal quasi-Yagi arrays. IEEE Antennas Propag Soc Int Symp 2:617–620

    Google Scholar 

  • Yngvesson KS, Korzeniowski T, Kim YS, Kollberg EL, Johansson JF (1989) The tapered slot antenna-a new integrated element for millimeter-wave applications. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 37:365–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Republic of Korea

    Wonbin Hong

Authors
  1. Wonbin Hong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wonbin Hong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Zhi Ning Chen

  2. IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA

    Duixian Liu

  3. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan

    Hisamatsu Nakano

  4. Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, Singapore

    Xianming Qing

  5. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Thomas Zwick

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this entry

Cite this entry

Hong, W. (2016). Millimeter-Wave Antennas and Arrays. In: Chen, Z., Liu, D., Nakano, H., Qing, X., Zwick, T. (eds) Handbook of Antenna Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-44-3_64

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation