Abstract
Youth studies have a tendency to focus on either “spectacular”/problematic or “successful” stories of young people’s transitions to adulthood, creating an overlooked “missing middle” in youth research. Paying heed to this ordinary and unspectacular group allows us to critique accepted theoretical positions and in doing so develop a more holistic picture of the challenges facing young people today. This chapter draws attention to the need to move beyond seeing a positive employment status as an indicator of a successful transition to adulthood. Exploring the relevance of apparently ordinary working lives, issues such as low pay, decreasing employment security, diminishing awareness of and entitlements to effective representation, and a lack of opportunities for upward progression, the outlook for young people even in apparently secure employment is demonstrated to be far from unproblematic.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aldridge, H., MacInnes, T., Kenway, P., & Parekh, A. (2012). Monitoring poverty and social exclusion. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Autor, D. H., & Houseman, S. N. (2010). Do temporary-help jobs improve labour market outcomes for low skilled workers? Evidence from work first. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(3), 96–128.
Barron, P., & Anastasiadou, C. (2009). Student part-time employment: Implications, challenges and opportunities for higher education. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(2), 140–153.
Bolton, S. C., & O’Houlihan, M. (2009). Work matters: Critical reflections on contemporary work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cohen, P., & Ainley, P. (2000). In the country of the blind?: Youth studies and cultural studies in Britain. Journal of Youth Studies, 3(1), 79–95.
Coles, B. (1995). Youth and social policy. London: Routledge.
Doogan, K. (2009). New capitalism: The transformation of work. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Ecclestone, K. (2007). Transitions through the life course: Analysing the effects of identity, agency and structure: Full research report, ESRC End of award report, RES-139-25-0184-B. Swindon: ESRC.
Eurostat. (2013). Proportion of underemployed part-time workers up to 21.4 % in the EU27 in 2012 Eurostat news release, 19 April 2013 (online). http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/3-19042013-BP/EN/3-19042013-BP-EN.PDF
Felstead, A., Gallie, D., Green, F., & Inanc, H. (2013). Skills at work in Britain: First findings from the skills and employment survey 2012. London: Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies, Institute of Education.
Fuller, A., & Unwin, L. (2004). Young people as teachers and learners in the workplace: Challenging the novice–expert dichotomy. International Journal of Training and Development, 8(1), 32–42.
Furlong, A., & Cartmel, F. (2007). Young people and social change: New perspectives (2nd ed.). Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Furlong, A., Cartmel, F., Biggart, A., Sweeting, H., & West, P. (2003). Youth transitions: Patterns of vulnerability and processes of social inclusion. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.
Furlong, A., Woodman, D., & Wyn, J. (2011). Changing times, changing perspectives: Reconciling ‘transition’ and ‘cultural’ perspectives on youth and young adulthood. Journal of Sociology, 47(4), 355–370.
Gallie, D., & Paugam, S. (2002) Social precarity and social integration: Report for the European Commission based on Eurobarometer 56.1. Brussels: European Commission.
Goldthorpe, J. H., & Jackson, M. (2007). Intergenerational class mobility in contemporary Britain: Political concerns and empirical findings. British Journal of Sociology, 58(4), 525–546.
Goodwin, J., & O'Connor, H. (2005). Exploring complex transitions: Looking back at the ‘golden age’ of youth transitions. Sociology, 39(2), 201–220.
Green, F., & Zhu, Y. (2010). Overqualification, job dissatisfaction, and increasing dispersion in the returns to graduate education. Oxford Economic Papers, 62(4), 740–763.
Griffin, C. (1985). Typical girls? London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Hall, T., & Coffey, A. (2007). Learning selves and citizenship: Gender and youth transitions. Journal of Social Policy, 36(2), 279–296.
Hordley, I., & Lee, D. J. (1970). The alternative route – Social change and opportunity in technical education. Sociology, 4, 23–50.
Jones, G. (1987). Leaving the parental home: an analysis of early housing careers. Journal of Social Policy, 16(1), 49–74.
Jones, G. (2002). The youth divide: Diverging paths to adulthood. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Keep, E. (2012). Youth transitions, the labour market and entry into employment: Some reflections and questions (SKOPE Research Paper No. 108). http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/socsi/research/researchcentres/skope/publications/researchpapers/WP108.pdf
Lawton, K. (2009). Nice work if you can get it: Achieving a sustainable solution to low pay and in-work poverty.
Lee, C., & Orazem, P. (2010). High school employment, school performance and college entry. Economics of Education Review, 29, 29–39.
Lloyd, C., & Payne, J. (2012). Flat whites: who gets progression in the UK café sector? Industrial Relations Journal, 43(1), 38–52.
Lucas, R., & Keegan, S. (2007). Young workers and the national minimum wage. Equal Opportunities, 24(6), 573–589.
MacDonald, R. (2011). Youth transitions, unemployment and underemployment Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose? Journal of Sociology, 47(4), 427–444.
MacDonald, R., Mason, P., Shildrick, T., Webster, C., Johnston, L., & Ridley, L. (2001). Snakes & ladders: In defence of studies of youth transition. Sociological Research Online, 5(4) (online). http://www.socresonline.org.uk/5/4/macdonald.html
MacInnes, T., Kenway, P., & Parekh, A. (2009). Monitoring poverty and social exclusion. Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York.
Maguire, S. (2010). I just want a job – What do we really know about young people in jobs without training? Journal of Youth Studies, 13(3), 317–333.
McDowell, L. (2003). Redundant masculinities? Employment change and white working class youth. London: Blackwell.
Morrow, V. (1994). Responsible children? Aspects of children’s work and employment outside school in contemporary UK. In B. Mayall (Ed.), Children’s childhoods: Observed and experienced (pp. 128–143). London: Falmer Press.
ONS. (2012). Young people in work, 2012. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_257979.pdf
Pennycook, M., Cory, G., & Alakeson, V. (2013). A matter of time: The rise of zero hours contracts. London: Resolution Foundation.
Price, R., McDonald, P., Bailey, J., & Pini, B. (Eds.). (2011). Young people and work. Farnham: Ashgate.
Princes Trust. (2011). Broke not broken: Tackling youth poverty and the aspiration gap. http://www.princes-trust.org.uk/pdf/PovertyReport_170511.pdf
Roberts, S. (2011). Beyond ‘NEET’ and ‘tidy’ pathways: considering the ‘missing middle’ of youth transition studies. Journal of Youth Studies, 14(1), 21–39.
Roberts, S. (2013). Gaining skills or just paying the bills? Workplace learning in low-level retail employment. Journal of Education and Work, 26(3), 267–290.
Roberts, K. (2013). Education to work transitions: How the old middle went missing and why the new middle remains elusive. Sociological Research Online, 18(1), 3.
Roberts, S., & MacDonald, R. (2013). Introduction for special section of sociological research online: The marginalised mainstream: Making sense of the ‘missing middle’ of youth studies. Sociological Research Online, 18(1), 21.
Shildrick, T., MacDonald, R., Webster, C., & Garthwaite, K. (2010). The low-pay, no-pay cycle: Understanding recurrent poverty. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Standing, G. (2011). The precariat: The new dangerous class. New York: A&C Black, London: Bloomsbury.
Wallace, C. (1987). Between the family and the state: young people in transition. The Social World of the Young Unemployed, London: Policy Studies Institute.
Warhurst, C., & Nickson, D. (2007). Employee experience of aesthetic labour in retail and hospitality. Work, Employment and Society, 21(1), 103–120.
Webster, C., Simpson, D., MacDonald, R., Abbas, A., Cieslik, M., Shildrick, T., & Simpson, M. (2004). Poor transitions: Social exclusion and young adults. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Willis, P. (1977). Learning to labour: Why working class kids get working class jobs. Farnborough: Saxon House.
Woodman, D. (2009). The mysterious case of the pervasive choice biography: Ulrich Beck, structure/agency and the middling state of theory in the sociology of youth. Journal of Youth Studies, 12(3), 243–256.
World Bank. (2013). School to work transition. World Bank Website (online) http://go.worldbank.org/012TTZWRP0
Wynn, J., & Woodman, D. (2006). Generation, youth and social change in Australia. Journal of Youth Studies, 9(5), 495–514.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this entry
Cite this entry
Roberts, S. (2015). Ordinary Working Lives and the “Missing Middle” of Youth Studies. In: Wyn, J., Cahill, H. (eds) Handbook of Children and Youth Studies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-15-4_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-15-4_17
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-4451-14-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-4451-15-4
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law