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Handbook of Psychocardiology pp 265–282Cite as

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

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Abstract

PTSD is a disabling mental disorder with health consequences that reach far beyond the neuropsychiatric domain. Growing evidence links PTSD to increased risk of cardiovascular conditions including ischemic heart disease and thromboembolic stroke. Emerging data also suggest that PTSD may be a consequence, in addition to a cause, of acute, life-threatening cardiovascular events. Individuals with PTSD are more likely to engage in adverse lifestyle behaviors, which may predispose to cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. PTSD is also frequently comorbid with other psychiatric conditions which may affect cardiovascular risk, such as depression and substance abuse. However, additional plausible mechanisms exist that go beyond these associated conditions and risk factors. An emerging model of cardiovascular risk in PTSD is that neurobiology plays a role. Specifically, mechanisms such as repeated and heightened physiological activation in association with intrusive memories in PTSD could lead to cumulative long-term damaging effects on the cardiovascular system. This could be mediated through vascular, immune, or other mechanisms. This chapter will review the existing evidence linking PTSD to major cardiovascular disorders, discuss potential underlying pathophysiology, and provide suggestions for future research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Viola Vaccarino

  2. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    J. Douglas Bremner

  3. Mental Health Research, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, USA

    J. Douglas Bremner

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA

    J. Douglas Bremner

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  1. Viola Vaccarino
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Correspondence to Viola Vaccarino .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Marlies E. Alvarenga

  2. ANU Medical School, Australia National University, Canberra, Aust Capital Terr, Australia

    Don Byrne

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Vaccarino, V., Bremner, J.D. (2016). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. In: Alvarenga, M., Byrne, D. (eds) Handbook of Psychocardiology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-206-7_14

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