Synonyms
Anxiety disorders in older adults; Late-life anxiety disorders
Definition
Anxiety disorders are generally characterized by both excessive fear and irrational, fearful thoughts that are difficult to control and negatively affect daily functioning. Additionally, avoidance behaviors are often used as a strategy to reduce those excessive feelings of fear and anxiety. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders across the life span. With the introduction of DSM-5 in 2013 (American Psychiatric Association 2013), obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder moved from the anxiety disorder section into two separate sections: obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. DSM-5 anxiety disorders seen in older adults include panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and specific phobia.
Introduction
Several epidemiologic studies have revealed that...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Baxter, A. J., Scott, K. M., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2013). Global prevalence of anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-regression. Psychological Medicine, 43(5), 897–910. doi:10.1017/S003329171200147X.
Bryant, C., Jackson, H., & Ames, D. (2008). The prevalence of anxiety in older adults: Methodological issues and a review of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 109(3), 233–250. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.11.008
Bryant, C., Mohlman, J., Gum, A., Stanley, M., Beekman, A. T., Wetherell, J. L., …, & Lenze, E. J. (2013). Anxiety disorders in older adults: Looking to DSM5 and beyond. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(9), 872–876. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.011.
Byrne, G. J., & Pachana, N. A. (2011). Development and validation of a short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory – The GAI-SF. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(1), 125–131. doi:10.1017/S1041610210001237.
Crittendon, J., & Hopko, D. R. (2006). Assessing worry in older and younger adults: Psychometric properties of an abbreviated penn state worry questionnaire (PSWQ-A). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(8), 1036–1054. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.11.006.
Flint, A. J., Koszycki, D., Vaccarino, F. J., Cadieux, A., Boulenger, J. P., & Bradwejn, J. (1998). Effect of aging on cholecystokinin-induced panic. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(2), 283–285.
Goncalves, D. C., & Byrne, G. J. (2012). Interventions for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.08.010.
Gould, C. E., & Edelstein, B. A. (2010). Worry, emotion control, and anxiety control in older and young adults. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(7), 759–766. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.05.009.
Gould, R. L., Coulson, M. C., & Howard, R. J. (2012). Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in older people: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(2), 218–229. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03824.x.
Hendriks, G. J., Oude Voshaar, R. C., Keijsers, G. P., Hoogduin, C. A., & van Balkom, A. J. (2008). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for late-life anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 117(6), 403–411. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01190.x.
Hendriks, G. J., Keijsers, G. P., Kampman, M., Voshaar, R. C., & Hoogduin, C. A. (2010). Agoraphobic cognitions in old and young patients with panic disorder. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(12), 1155–1158. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181dba6ba.
Hendriks, G. J., Kampman, M., Keijsers, G. P., Hoogduin, C. A., & Voshaar, R. C. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia in older people: A comparison with younger patients. Depression and Anxiety, 31(8), 669–677. doi:10.1002/da.22274.
Hofmann, S. G., Wu, J. Q., & Boettcher, H. (2014a). Effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders on quality of life: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(3), 375–391. doi:10.1037/a0035491.
Hofmann, S. G., Wu, J. Q., Boettcher, H., & Sturm, J. (2014b). Effect of pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders on quality of life: A meta-analysis. Quality of Life Research, 23(4), 1141–1153. doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0573-8.
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593.
Lenze, E. J., & Wetherell, J. L. (2011). A lifespan view of anxiety disorders. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 13(4), 381–399.
Miloyan, B., Bulley, A., Pachana, N. A., & Byrne, G. J. (2014a). Social phobia symptoms across the adult lifespan. Journal of Affective Disorders, 168, 86–90. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.029.
Miloyan, B., Byrne, G. J., & Pachana, N. A. (2014b). Age-related changes in generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. International Psychogeriatrics, 26(4), 565–572. doi:10.1017/S1041610213002470.
Pinquart, M., & Duberstein, P. R. (2007). Treatment of anxiety disorders in older adults: A meta-analytic comparison of behavioral and pharmacological interventions. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(8), 639–651. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31806841c8.
Ritchie, K., Norton, J., Mann, A., Carriere, I., & Ancelin, M. L. (2013). Late-onset agoraphobia: General population incidence and evidence for a clinical subtype. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(7), 790–798. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12091235.
Schuurmans, J., Comijs, H. C., Beekman, A. T., de Beurs, E., Deeg, D. J., Emmelkamp, P. M., & van Dyck, R. (2005). The outcome of anxiety disorders in older people at 6-year follow-up: Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 111(6), 420–428. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00531.x.
Segui, J., Salvador-Carulla, L., Marquez, M., Garcia, L., Canet, J., & Ortiz, M. (2000). Differential clinical features of late-onset panic disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 57(1-3), 115–124.
Shah, R., McNiece, R., & Majeed, A. (2001). General practice consultation rates for psychiatric disorders in patients aged 65 and over: Prospective cohort study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(1), 57–63.
Sheikh, J. I., Swales, P. J., Carlson, E. B., & Lindley, S. E. (2004). Aging and panic disorder: Phenomenology, comorbidity, and risk factors. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12(1), 102–109.
Therrien, Z., & Hunsley, J. (2012). Assessment of anxiety in older adults: A systematic review of commonly used measures. Aging & Mental Health, 16(1), 1–16. doi:10.1080/13607863.2011.602960.
Tibi, L., van Oppen, P., Aderka, I. M., van Balkom, A. J., Batelaan, N. M., Spinhoven, P., ⋯ &, Anholt, G. E. (2013). Examining determinants of early and late age at onset in panic disorder: An admixture analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(12), 1870–1875. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.09.001.
Volkert, J., Schulz, H., Harter, M., Wlodarczyk, O., & Andreas, S. (2013). The prevalence of mental disorders in older people in Western countries – A meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 12(1), 339–353. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2012.09.004.
Wang, P. S., Lane, M., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2005). Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 629–640. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.629.
Wetherell, J. L., Petkus, A. J., Thorp, S. R., Stein, M. B., Chavira, D. A., Campbell-Sills, L., ⋯ &, Roy-Byrne, P. (2013a). Age differences in treatment response to a collaborative care intervention for anxiety disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 203(1), 65–72. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.118547.
Wetherell, J. L., Petkus, A. J., White, K. S., Nguyen, H., Kornblith, S., Andreescu, C., ⋯ &, Lenze, E. J. (2013b). Antidepressant medication augmented with cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(7), 782–789. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12081104.
Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., ⋯ &, Vos, T. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet, 382(9904), 1575–1586. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6.
Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Castriotta, N., Lenze, E. J., Stanley, M. A., & Craske, M. G. (2010). Anxiety disorders in older adults: A comprehensive review. Depression and Anxiety, 27(2), 190–211. doi:10.1002/da.20653.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this entry
Cite this entry
Hendriks, GJ. (2017). Anxiety Disorders in Later Life. In: Pachana, N.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geropsychology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-082-7_64
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-082-7_64
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-287-081-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-287-082-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences