Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Negotiating Place, Negotiating Identity: Rangatahi Māori in Facebook

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Space, Place, and Environment

Part of the book series: Geographies of Children and Young People ((GCYP,volume 3))

Abstract

Māori identify themselves through their connections to place and people – these connections are based on genealogy, culture, values, and experiences. Spaces for identity articulation and expression are changing and shifting. SNS are increasingly becoming spaces where rangatahi feel confident to express their identity and feel proud to do so. This chapter discusses identity as being underpinned by connections to place and the tensions of offline and online spaces (such as Facebook) for identity articulation and expression.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Attride-Stirling, J. (2001). Thematic networks: An analytic tool for qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 1(3), 385–405. doi:10.1177/146879410100100307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borell, B. (2005). Living in the city ain’t so bad: Cultural diversity of south Auckland Rangatahi. Masters thesis, Massey University, Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyatzis, R. (1998). The search for the codable moment. A way of seeing. In Transforming qualitative information; Thematic analysis and code development (pp. 1–28). California: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • boyd, D. (2006). Friends, Friendsters, and MySpace Top 8: Writing community into being on social network sites. First Monday, 11(12). Retrieved from http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue11_12/boyd/

  • boyd, D., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), Article 11. Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html

  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper (Ed.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 55–71). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1303–1314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, D. (2005). Living in virtual communities: An ethnography of human relationships in cyberspace. Information, Communication and Society, 8(2), 148–167. doi:10.1080/13691180500146235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cloke, P., Crang, P., & Goodwin, M. (2013). Introduction. In P. Cloke, P. Crang, & M. Goodwin (Eds.), Introducing human geographies (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cram, F. (1992). Ethics in Māori research (working paper). Auckland: Department of Psychology, University of Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullen, R. (2009). Culture, identity and information privacy in the age of digital government. Online Information Review, 33(3), 405–421. doi:10.1108/14684520910969871.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamandaki, K. (2003). Virtual ethnicity and digital diasporas: Identity construction in cyberspace. Global Media Journal, 2(2). Retrieved from http://lass.purduecal.edu/cca/gmj/sp03/graduatesp03/gmj-sp03grad-diamandaki.htm

  • DiMicco, J. M., & Millen, D. R. (2007). Identity management: Multiple presentations of self in Facebook. Proceedings of the 2007 International ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work. Sanibel Island, Florida, USA: ACM. doi:10.1145/1316624.1316682.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durie, M. H. (1995a). Te Hoe Nuku Roa framework: A Māori identity measure. Journal of Polynesian Society, 104(4), 461–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durie, M. H. (1995b). Tino Rangatiratanga: Self determination. He Pukenga Korero, Massey University, Palmerston North, 1(1), 44–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durie, A. (1997a). Te Aka Matua – Keeping a Māori Identity. In P. Te Whaiti, M. McCarthy, & A. Durie (Eds.), Mai i Rangiatea: Māori wellbeing and development (pp. 142–162). Palmerston North: Massey University Publisher.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durie, M. H. (1997b). Whanau, Whanaungatanga and healthy Māori development. In P. Te Whaiti, M. McCarthy, & A. Durie (Eds.), Mai i Rangiatea: Māori wellbeing and development (pp. 1–24). Auckland: Auckland University Press, Bridget Williams Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durie, M. H. (1998). Te mana, te kāwanatanga: The politics of Māori self-determination. Auckland: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, S. (2009). Titiro whakamuri kia marama ai te wao nei: whakapapa epistemologies and Maniapoto Māori cultural identities. Doctoral thesis, Massey University, Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, I. (2011). Power to the people? Web 2.0, facebook and DIY cultural citizenship in Aotearoa New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Media Studies, 12(2), 110–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guuuuess that Kapaaaaaa Bleh 8 (2012). Facebook. Retrieved from http://www.facebook.com/groups/225368194161796/

  • Hampton, K. N., & Goulet, L. S. (2012). Why most facebook users get more than they give. Washington, DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hine, C. (2000). Virtual ethnography. London: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hiroa, T. R. (1982). The coming of the Māori. Wellington: Māori Purposes Fund Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway, S., & Valentine, G. (2000). Spatiality and the new social studies of childhood. Sociology, 34(4), 763–783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • I’m Proud to be a Māori. (2012). Facebook. Retrieved from http://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/IM-PROUD-TO-BE-A-MAORI/295941861906

  • Kāretu, T. (1990). The clue to identity. New Zealand Geographic, 5, 112–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kāretu, T. (1993). Toku Reo Toku Mana. In W. Ihimaera (Ed.), Te Ao Marama (2nd ed., pp. 222–229). Auckland: Reed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keegan, T. T., & Cunliffe, D. (2014). Young people, technology and the future of te Reo Māori. In R. Higgins, P. Rewi, & V. Olsen-Reeder (Eds.), The value of the Māori language: Te Hua o te Reo Māori (pp. 385–398). Wellington: Huia Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, L. (1998). Meaning and identity in “cyberspace”: The performance of gender, class, and race online. Symbolic Interaction, 21(2), 129–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, V. (2010). Social network analysis and research with Māori collectives. MAI Review, 3, 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kukutai, T. (2004). The problem of defining an ethnic group for public policy: Who is Māori and why does it matter? Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, 23, 86–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kukutai, T. (2012). Ko Te Tatau i a Ngāi Māori. Every Māori counts. Wellington: Te Puni Kokiri.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, M. C. (2007). Understanding social networking: On young people’s construction and co-construction of identity online. In Internet Research 80 Lets Play (Vol. 8, pp. 18–20). Citeseer. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.168.3872&rep=rep1&type=pdf

  • Leonard, A. S., Mehra, A., & Katerberg, R. (2008). The social identity and social networks of ethnic minority groups in organizations: A crucial test of distinctiveness theory. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(5), 573–589. doi:10.1002/job.488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone, S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: Teenagers’ use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression. New Media and Society, 10(3), 393–411. doi:10.1177/1461444808089415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone, S., & Bober, M. (2004). Taking up opportunities? Children’s uses of the internet for education, communication and participation. E-Learning, 1(3), 395–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lumby, B. (2010). Cyber-indigeneity: Urban indigenous identity on facebook. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 39, 68–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madge, C., Meek, J., Wellens, J., & Hooley, T. (2009). Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university: ‘It is more for socialising and talking to friends about work than for actually doing work. Learning, Media, and Technology, 34(2), 141–155. doi:10.1080/17439880902923606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh, T. (2005). Māori identities: Fixed, fluid, forced. In J. H. Liu, T. McCreanor, T. McIntosh, & T. Teaiwa (Eds.), New Zealand identities: Departures and destinations (pp. 38–51). Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mead, H. M. (2003). Tikanga Māori. Wellington: Huia Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-presentation 2.0: Narcissism and self-esteem on facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 13(4), 357–364. doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehra, A., Kilduff, M., & Brass, D. J. (1998). At the margins: A distinctiveness approach to the social identity and social networks of underrepresented groups. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 441–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moeke-Pickering, T. (1996). Māori identity within Whānau: A review of literature. Retrieved from http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/464/content.pdf?sequence=1

  • Moewaka Barnes, H. (2000). Kaupapa Māori: explaining the ordinary. Pacific Health Dialogueialogue, 7(1), 13–6. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11709875

  • Muhamad-Brandner, C. (2010). Exploring the cyber-rohe. Māori identity and the Internet, Doctoral thesis, University of Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niezen, R. (2005). Digital identity: The construction of virtual selfhood in the indigenous peoples’ movement. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 47(03), 532–551. doi:10.1017/S0010417505000241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nikora, L. W. (2007). Māori Social Identities in New Zealand and Hawai’i, Doctoral thesis, University of Waikato, Hamilton.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Carroll, A. (2013a). An analysis of how rangatahi Māori use social networking sites. MAI Journal, 2(1), 46–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Carroll, A. (2013b). Kanohi ki te kanohi – a thing of the past? An examination of Māori use of social networking sites and the implications for Māori culture and society. Unpublished Doctoral thesis, Massey University, Wellington.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Carroll, A. (2013c). Māori identity construction in SNS. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies, 6(2), 2–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Carroll, A. (2013d). Kanohi ki te kanohi – A Thing of the Past? Examining the Notion of Virtual Ahik? and the Implications for Kanohi ki te kanohi. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health 11(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rangihau, J. (1977). Being Māori. In M. King (Ed.), Te Ao Hurihuri: The world moves on: Aspects of Māoritanga (pp. 183–190). Wellington: Hicks Smith.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, M. (2013). Ways of seeing: Whakapapa. Journal of Social Anthropology and Cultural Studies, 10(1), 93–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, M. (2009). Young “netizens” creating public citizenship in cyberspace. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 18(4), 287–293. doi:10.1080/10382040903251158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robson, B., & Reid, P. (2001). Ethnicity matters: Māori perspectives. In Review of the measurement of ethnicity in official statistics – Māori perspectives paper for consultation. Wellington: Te Ropu Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pomare.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, C. (2007). Virtual friendship and the new narcissism. The New Atlantis, 17(Summer), 15–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selwyn, J., & Rito, T. (2007). Whakapapa: A framework for understanding identity. MAI Review, (Article 2), 1–10. Retrieved from http://review.mai.ac.nz/index.php/MR/article/viewArticle/56

  • Smith, L. T. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies. Dunedin: Otago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. (2013). How many people use the top social media, apps & services? Digital marketing ramblings…The latest digital marketing tips, trends and technology. Retrieved from http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/resource-how-many-people-use-the-top-social-media/

  • Smith, P., Gibson, A., Crothers, C., Billot, J., & Bell, A. (2011). World Internet Project New Zealand the Internet in New Zealand 2011. Auckland: Institute of Culture, Discourse & Communication, AUT University. Retrieved from https://internetnz.net.nz/sites/default/files/workstreams/worldinternetprojectnz_2011final.pdf

  • Stevenson, B. (2004). Te Hoe Nuku Roa: A measure of Māori cultural identity. He Pukenga Korero, 8(1), 37–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stutzman, F. (2006). An evaluation of identity-sharing behavior in social network communities. Proceedings of the 2006 iDMAa and IMS Code Conference, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Te Hiwi, E. (2008). Disrupted spaces: Racism and the lived experience of Māori identity formation. In M. Levy, L. W. Nikora, B. Masters-Awatere, B. M. Rua, & W. Waitoki (Eds.), Claiming spaces: Proceedings of the 2007 national Māori and pacific psychologies symposium 23–24 November 2007 (pp. 12–18). Hamilton: Māori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomlins-Jahnke, H. (2002). Towards a secure identity: Māori women and the home-place. Women’s Studies International Forum, 25(5), 503–513. doi:10.1016/S0277-5395(02)00313-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valentine, G., & Holloway, S. (2001). On-line dangers? Geographies of parents’ fears for children’s safety in cyberspace. Professional Geographer, 53(1), 71–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valentine, G., & Holloway, S. (2002). Cyberkids? Exploring children’s identities and social networks in on-line and off-line worlds. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92(2), 302–319. doi:10.1111/1467-8306.00292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waitoa, J. (2013). E-whanaungatanga: The role of social media in Māori political engagement. Unpublished Master of Arts, Massey University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, R. (1992). The relevance of Māori myth and tradition. In M. King (Ed.), Te Ao Hurihuri: Aspects of Māoritanga (pp. 171–184). Auckland: Reed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, R. (2004). Ka Whawhai Tonu Mātou: Struggle without end. Auckland: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, H. W. (2006). Dictionary of the Māori language (7th ed.). Legislation Direct.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. SHORE, Massey University, 4442, Auckland, Palmerston North, Aotearoa, New Zealand

    Acushla Deanne Sciascia

Authors
  1. Acushla Deanne Sciascia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Acushla Deanne Sciascia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Karen Nairn

  2. School of GEES, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, United Kingdom

    Peter Kraftl

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this entry

Cite this entry

Sciascia, A.D. (2016). Negotiating Place, Negotiating Identity: Rangatahi Māori in Facebook. In: Nairn, K., Kraftl, P. (eds) Space, Place, and Environment. Geographies of Children and Young People, vol 3. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-044-5_29

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation