These are relics that remain from earthquakes over geological history. The main features include the following: (1) seismic ruptures, which are extensive ground cracks formed by earthquakes, usually distributed like a ribbon; (2) earthquake lakes, which are lakes formed by damming of rivers by earthquake-induced landslides, slope failures and mudslides; they usually exist in mountainous regions and have a potential risk of dam breaking; (3) earthquake bulges, which are small uplifted ridges on the ground surface due to the fault displacement during an earthquake; they always form between ground cracks and are arrayed in groups; (4) earthquake landslides, which are masses of rocks and soils on slopes that slide due to gravity after being triggered by earthquakes; they are a major secondary hazard caused by earthquakes; and (5) earthquake ruins, which are the remnants of structures damaged by earthquakes.
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(2020). Ancient Earthquake Relics. In: Chen, A., Ng, Y., Zhang, E., Tian, M. (eds) Dictionary of Geotourism. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_58
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_58
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