Human and natural factors, including manufacturing plants, cars, wars, bush and grassland fires and volcanic eruptions, can release large amounts of smoke and dust into the atmosphere and weaken the effects of solar radiation on the ground, causing ground cooling. This effect is like a parasol over the earth and is also known as the ‘parasol effect’. The parasol effect causes a decrease in the solar radiation received by the ground and increases in cloudy and foggy weather, which affects air, sea and ground traffic.
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(2020). Umbrella Effect. In: Chen, A., Ng, Y., Zhang, E., Tian, M. (eds) Dictionary of Geotourism. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_2634
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_2634
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