Table 5 Summary of clinical trials investigating procyanidins
From: Procyanidins in Food
Compound | Clinical trial/meta-analysis | Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
PAs | Analysis of metadata | Decreasing risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) | Theodoratou et al. 2007 |
PAs from commercially available standardized cranberry capsules | Clinical trial | Potential to attenuate the adverse effects of cancer radiotherapy | Hamilton et al. 2015 |
Dietary biologic active compounds from wine, apples, pears, peaches, apricots, prunes, vegetables/bean soups, chocolate, pulses, and grapes | Analysis of metadata | Reduce endometrial cancer risk | Rossi et al. 2013 |
Cocoa procyanidins | Clinical trial | Increase of flow-mediated vasodilation Decrease of the pulse wave velocity and blood pressure Decrease of total cholesterol | Heiss and Kelm 2016 |
Cocoa procyanidins: procyanidin dimers and trimers to decamers | Clinical trial | Improving cardiac function in chronic heart failure, changing blood pressure, decreasing flow-mediated dilatation | De Palma et al. 2016 |
Apple procyanidins | Clinical trial | Changes in systolic or diastolic BP (peripheral and aortic), plasma nitric oxide (NO) reaction products | Kroon 2016 |
Enovita®, grape seeds | Clinical trial | Decrease of blood pressure, decrease of the diastolic pressure, oxidation of membrane lipids, endothelial dysfunction, formation of oxidized LDL, and activation of phagocytic cells | Belcaro et al. 2013 |
Oligopin® | Clinical trial | Improve lipid cardiovascular profile and one of the scarce ways to increase HDL-c in stage-1-hypertensive subjects, improve systolic BP and LDL oxidation | Valls et al. 2016 |
PAs from cinnamon | Clinical trial | Moderate decrease of fasting plasma glucose, but no effect on glycated hemoglobin A1c, serum lipids, or blood coagulation parameters | Mang et al. 2006 |
Cinnamon | Clinical trial | Significant reduction in blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, body mass index | Akilen et al. 2010 |
PAs from cinnamon | Clinical trial | No significant reduction in glucose values; No changes in the blood lipid profile | Vanschoonbeek et al. 2006 |
PAs from cinnamon | Clinical trial | Significant decrease of fasting insulin, glucose, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol The increase of insulin sensitivity | Anderson et al. 2015 |
Cranberry-lingonberry juice | Clinical trial | Reduction of urinary infection risk | Kontiokari et al. 2001 |
Cranberry juice capsules | Clinical trial | Preventing urinary tract infections (UTI) after surgery | Foxman et al. 2015 |
Cranberry juice | Clinical trial | Reduction of bacteriuria incidence (especially E. coli) in urinary infections | Wan et al. 2016 |
Oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins from Rumex acetosa L. | Clinical trial | Prophylactic potential on periodontitis | Beikler 2014 |
Pycnogenol® | One-patient study | Decrease the hyperactivity and impulsivity (in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) | Heimann 1999 |
Pycnogenol® | Clinical trial | Significant reduction of hyperactivity, improvement of attention and visual-motoric coordination and concentration of children with ADHD | Trebaticka et al. 2006 |