Abstract
Triterpenoids, as a more important and the largest group of phytochemicals, exist in thousands of medicinal plants from which more than 20,000 substances with up to 100 basic skeletons have been isolated, purified, and structurally elucidated. Natural or synthetic triterpenoid compounds have been proven to have superior biological activities against various types of cancers, inflammations, and metabolic syndromes via related signaling pathways with the help of preclinical experiments. However, their inherent systemic toxicity and poor water solubility cause different levels of side effects and low bioavailability; inevitably, they possess several limitations for clinical trials as well as for applications in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics domains, and similar fields. Therefore, it is urgent to study the pharmacokinetics profile, metabolic pathways, and mechanism of action and also to improve their bioavailability by combining them with chitosan, cyclodextrin, etc. or reducing the molecular particle size. This chapter summarizes the advanced knowledge about triterpenoids, mainly those stemmed from medicinal plants, in relation to the following aspects: bioactivities whether animal or human, bioavailability, metabolism, safety, side effects, and application in distinct fields especially dietary supplements. Moreover, structural formulas of common basic skeleton and the compounds mentioned in the context, market products, and patents are also discussed.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21978236 and 21978229), and the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (2019ZDLSF03-01-02).
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Deng, J., Xiao, J., Yang, H. (2020). Dietary Triterpenoids. In: Xiao, J., Sarker, S., Asakawa, Y. (eds) Handbook of Dietary Phytochemicals. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1745-3_15-1
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