Skip to main content

Portfolio and Self-Study

An Epistemology of Practice

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Book cover 2nd International Handbook of Self-Study of Teaching and Teacher Education

Abstract

Self-study researchers have explored the challenges and benefits of using portfolios in their teaching practice. A focus on linking theory and practice has emerged as a generative possibility when using portfolios with students. However, few S-STEP investigations consider how portfolios as a programmatic pedagogy can help teacher educators refine their teaching practices to support teacher candidates’ connections between theory and practice. We claim that this extension of earlier research on the use of portfolios can contribute to an epistemology of practice. Presented is a theoretical framework that responds to the call of Lyons and Freidus (The reflective portfolio in self-study: Inquiring into and representing a knowledge of practice. In: Loughran JJ, Hamilton ML, LaBoskey VK, Russell T (eds) International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 1073–1107, 2004) for the development of an epistemology of practice as we interrogate how programmatic e-portfolios can provide the structure for reflection on, and integration of, transformative pedagogies. As an example of our own learning, we offer a description of our self-study investigation into the impact of programmatic portfolios on teacher candidates’ experiences of linking theory and practice. We conclude with an enhanced call for S-STEP research into practicum.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abrami, P. C., & Barrett, H. (2005). Directions for research and development on electronic portfolios. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 31, 3. Retrieved from: https://www.cjlt.ca/index.php/cjlt/article/view/26487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alberta Education. (1997). Teaching quality standard applicable to the provision of basic education in Alberta. Retrieved from http://education.alberta.ca/department/policy/standards/teachqual.aspx.

  • Argyris, C., & Schön, D. (1974). Theory in practice: Increasing professional effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashby, W. (1952). Design for a brain. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aubusson, P., Griffin, J., & Steele, F. (2010). A design-based self-study of the development of student reflection in teacher education. Studying Teacher Education, 6(2), 201–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, H. (2000). Electronic teaching portfolios: Multimedia skills + portfolio development = powerful professional development. Retrieved from http://www.electronicportfolios.com/portfolios/site2000.html

  • Barrett, H. (2011). Balancing the two faces of eportfolios. Retrieved from: http://electronicportfolios.org/balance/balancingarticle2.pdf.

  • Bass, L., Anderson-Patton, V., & Allender, J. (2002). Self-study as a way of teaching and learning: A research collaborative re-analysis of self-study teaching portfolios. In J. J. Loughran & T. Russell (Eds.), Improving teacher education practices through self-study (pp. 56–69). London: RoutledgeFalmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, C., & Kosnik, C. (2001). Reflection-in-action: In defence of thoughtful thinking. Curriculum Inquiry, 31(2), 217–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. O. (2002). Know thyself: The impact of portfolio development on adult learning. Adult Education Quarterly, 52(3), 228–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bullock, S. M., & Christou, T. (2009). Exploring the radical middle between theory and practice: A collaborative self-study of beginning teacher educators. Studying Teacher Education, 5(1), 75–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bullough, R. V., Jr., & Pinnegar, S. (2001). Guidelines for quality in autobiographical forms of self-study research. Educational Researcher, 30(3), 13–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, P. (2006). A review of the literature on portfolios and electronic portfolios. Ako Aotearoa. Retrieved from: http://akoaotearoa.ac.nz/download/ng/file/group-996/n2620-eportfolio-research-report.pdf.

  • Butler, B. (2016). Navigating the pre-tenure review process: Experiences of a self-study researcher. In D. Garbett & A. Ovens (Eds.), Enacting self-study as methodology for professional inquiry (pp. 119–126). Herstmonceux: S-STEP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, H. (1999). From practice to theory: A social constructive approach to teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 5(2), 203–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carnegie forum on education and the economy, task force on teaching as a profession. (1986). A nation prepared: Teachers for the 21st century. New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Challis, D. (2005). Towards the mature e-portfolio: Some implications for higher education. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 31, 3. Retrieved online from: https://www.cjlt.ca/index.php/cjlt/article/view/26488/19670.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clift, R., & Brady, P. (2005). Research on methods courses and field experiences. In M. Cochran-Smith & K. Zeichner (Eds.), Studying teacher education: The report of the AERA panel on research and teacher education (pp. 309–424). Washington, DC/Mahwah: American Education Research Association/Lawrence Earlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cranton, P. (2006). Understanding and promoting transformative learning (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darling, L. F. (2001). Portfolio as practice: The narratives of emerging teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(1), 107–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, D. (2006). Powerful teacher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1915). The school and society: The child and curriculum. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. London: Collier-MacMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, D. (2017). Straddling teacher candidates’ two worlds to link practice and theory: A self-study of successful and unsuccessful efforts. Studying Teacher Education, 13(2), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425964.2017.1342352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, D., & O’Connor, K. (2010). What should be the role of field experiences in teacher education programs? In T. Falkenberg & H. Smits (Eds.), Field experiences in the context of reform of Canadian teacher education programs (pp. 117–146). Winnipeg: Faculty of Education of The University of Manitoba. Available online: http://www.umanitoba.ca/education/TEResearch/Book/2009/(Volume 1).pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, D., Bullock, S., O’Connor, K., Russell, T., Martin, A., & Thomas, L. (2013). Place-based teacher development: Placing practicum learning at the heart of pre-service teacher Education. In L. Thomas (Ed.), Becoming teacher: Sites for teacher development (pp. 94–120). Canadian Association for Teacher Education/Association canadienne pour la formation à’enseignement. Retrieved from https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwVGDOGBDzJdR1R2VGZvakZjUDQ/edit.

  • Dinkelman, T. (2003). Self-study in teacher education: A means and ends tool for promoting reflective teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 54(1), 6–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donnelly, R. (2006). Integrating learning technologies with experiential learning in a postgraduate teacher education course. Studying Teacher Education, 2(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425960600557512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • East, K., Fitzgerald, L. M., & Manke, M. P. (2010). Identifying implications of tensions in a series of collaborative self-study groups. Studying Teacher Education, 6, 281–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, T., Nί Chrόinίn, D., & O’Sullivan, M. (2016). Multiple layers of interactivity in self-study of practice research: An empirically-based exploration of methodological issues. In D. Garbett & A. Ovens (Eds.), Enacting self-study as methodology for professional inquiry (Self-study of teacher education practices, pp. 19–25). Auckland: University of Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuentealba, R., & Russell, T. (2016). Critical friends using self-study methods to challenge practicum assumptions and practices. In D. Garbett & A. Ovens (Eds.), Enacting self-study as methodology for professional inquiry (Self-study of teacher education practices, pp. 227–234). Auckland: University of Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbett, D. (2013). Promotion by teaching distinction: Developing resilience and cache for a track less traveled. Studying Teacher Education, 9(2), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425964.2013.808045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garbett, D., & Ovens, A. (Eds.). (2016). Enacting self-study as methodology for professional inquiry (Self-study of teacher education practices). Auckland: University of Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geursen, J., de Heer, A., Korthagen, F. A. J., Lunenberg, M., & Zwart, R. (2010). The importance of being aware: Developing professional identities in educators and researchers. Studying Teacher Education, 6(3), 291–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gipe, J. P. (1996). Self-study through use of the course portfolio. In J. Richards & T. Russell (Eds.), Empowering our future in teacher education: Proceedings of the first international conference on self-study of teacher education practices. Kingston: Queen’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodlad, J. (1988). School-university partnerships: Rationale and concepts. In K. Sirotnik & J. Goodlad (Eds.), School-university partnerships in action: Concepts, cases, and concerns (pp. 3–31). New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruenewald, D. (2003). The best of both worlds: A critical pedagogy of place. Educational Researcher, 32(4), 3–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habanero. (2015). Iris: My learning plan. Retrieved from http://habaneroconsulting.com/member-portals/calgary-board-of-education

  • Haley-Oliphant, A. (1996). Can portfolios be predictors of future teaching success?: A self-study of teacher education practices through the analysis of summative student portfolios. In J. Richards & T. Russell (Eds.), Empowering our future in teacher education: Proceedings of the first international conference on self-study of teacher education practices. Kingston: Queen’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. L. (Ed.). (1998). Reconceptualizing teaching practice: Self-study in teacher education. London: Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (2018). Bridging the gap from teacher to teacher educator: The role of a teaching portfolio. Studying Teacher Education, 14(1), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425964.2017.1414041.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamlin, K., & Weisner Bryant, J. (2007). Teaching & Learning, 22(1), 47–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauge, T. E. (2006). Portfolios and ICT as means of professional learning in teacher education. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 32(1), 23–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heggen, K., Karseth, B., & Kyvik, S. (2010). The relevance of research for the improvement of education and professional practice. In S. Kyvik & B. Lepori (Eds.), The research Mission of higher Education institutions outside the university sector. Higher Education dynamics (Vol. 31). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, C. M., & MacDonald, M. (2016). Implementation and impact of experiential learning in a graduate level teacher education program: An example from a Canadian university. Global Education Review, 3(4), 54–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes Group. (1986). Tomorrow’s teachers: A report of the Holmes Group. East Lansing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopper, T., Sanford, K., & Fu, H. (2016). Finding the connective tissue in teacher education: Creating new spaces for professional learning to teach. McGill Journal of Education, 51(3), 1013–1035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnsen, H. L. (2012). Making learning visible with eportfolios: Coupling the right pedagogy with the right technology. International Journal of E-portfolio, 2(2), 139–148. Retrieved from http://www.theijep.com/articleView.cfm?id=84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J., & Allen, J. (1996). Widening the lens: Windows into multicultural perspectives. In J. Richards & T. Russell (Eds.), Empowering our future in teacher education: Proceedings of the first international conference on self-study of teacher education practices. Kingston: Queen’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J., Kaplan, J., & Marsh, S. M. (1996). Professional teaching portfolio: A catalyst for rethinking education. In J. Richards & T. Russell (Eds.), Empowering our future in teacher education: Proceedings of the first international conference on self-study of teacher education practices. Kingston: Queen’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, L. B. (2018). Compliance and resistance: Showing future teachers how to navigate curriculum. Studying Teacher Education, 14(1), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425964.2018.1428794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y. M., & Greene, w. L. (2011). Aligning professional and personal identities: Applying core reflection in teacher education practice. Studying Teacher Education, 7(2), 109–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimball, M. (2005). Database e-portfolio systems: A critical appraisal. Computers and Composition, 22(4), 434–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kincheloe, J. (2003). Teachers as researchers: Qualitative inquiry as a path to empowerment. New York: RoutledgeFalmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kincheloe, J., & Steinberg, S. (1998). Unauthorized methods: Strategies for critical teaching. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchen, J. (2005). Conveying respect and empathy: Becoming a relational teacher educator. Studying Teacher Education, 1(2), 195–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitchen, J., & Russell, T. (2012). Canadian perspectives on the self-study of teacher education practices. Ottawa: Canadian Association of Teacher Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klenowski, V., Askew, S., & Carnell, E. (2006). Portfolios for learning, assessment and professional development in higher education. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(3), 267–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, D., & Lewis, L. (1986). Facilitating experiential learning: Observations and reflections. In L. Lewis (Ed.), Experiential and simulation techniques for teaching adults (pp. 99–107). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korthagen, F. (2001). Linking practice and theory: The pedagogy of realistic teacher education. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Korthagen, F., Loughran, J., & Russell, T. (2006). Developing fundamental principles for teacher education programs and practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 1020–1041.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kosnik, C. (2005). No teacher educator left behind: The impact of US policies and trends on my work as a researcher and teacher educator. Studying Teacher Education, 1(2), 209–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kosnik, C., Freese, A., Samaras, A., & Beck, C. (Eds.). (2006). Making a difference in teacher education through self-study: Studies of personal, professional, and program renewal. Dordrecht: Springer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraft, D., & Sakofs, M. (1988). The theory of experiential education. Boulder: Association of Experiential Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaBoskey, V. K. (2004). The methodology of self-study and its theoretical underpinnings. In J. J. Loughran, M. L. Hamilton, V. K. LaBoskey, & T. Russell (Eds.), International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (pp. 817–869). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lortie, D. (1975). Schoolteacher: A sociological study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loughran, J. J. (2004). A history and context of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices. In J. J. Loughran, M. L. Hamilton, V. K. LaBoskey, & T. Russell (Eds.), International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (pp. 7–39). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Loughran, J. (2010). Seeking knowledge for teaching: Moving beyond stories. Studying Teacher Education, 6(3), 221–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loughran, J., & Corrigan, D. (1995). Teaching portfolios: A strategy for developing learning and teaching in preservice education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 11(6), 565–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loughran, J. J., & Russell, T. (Eds.). (2002). Improving teacher education practices through self-study. London: RoutledgeFalmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loughran, J., Hamilton, M. L., LaBoskey, V. K., & Russell, T. (Eds.). (2004). International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyons, N., & Freidus, H. (2004). The reflective portfolio in self-study: Inquiring into and representing a knowledge of practice. In J. J. Loughran, M. L. Hamilton, V. K. LaBoskey, & T. Russell (Eds.), International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (pp. 1073–1107). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lyons, N., Halton, C., & Freidus, H. (2013). Reflective inquiry as transformative self-study for professional education and learning. Studying Teacher Education, 9(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425964.2013.808057.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, P. (2003). Life in schools: An introduction to critical pedagogy in the social foundations of education (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mezirow, J. (1995). Transformation theory of adult learning. In M. R. Welton (Ed.), In defense of the lifeworld (pp. 39–70). Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mezirow, J. (1997). Transformative learning: Theory to practice. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 74, 5–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mezirow, J. & Associates. (2000). Learning as transformation: Critical perspectives on a theory in progress. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munby, H., & Russell, T. (1994). The authority of experience in learning to teach: Messages from a physics methods class. Journal of Teacher Education, 45(2), 86–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nickel, J. (2013). Self-assessment of professional growth through reflective portfolios. Phronesis, 2(1), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.7202/1015640ar.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olafson, L., Giorgis, C., Quinn, L. F., & Falba, C. (2007). A self-study of professional development through program revision. Studying Teacher Education, 3(2), 155–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinnegar, S. (1998). Introduction to methodology. In M. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Reconceptualizing the education of teachers: Self-study in teacher education. London: Falmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raelin, J. A. (2007). Toward an epistemology of practice. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 6(4), 495–519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raffan, J. (1995). Experiential education and teacher education. The Journal of Experimental Education, 18(3), 117–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosean, C., & Florio-Ruane, S. (2008). The metaphors by which we teach: Experience, metaphor and culture in teacher education. In M. Cochran-Smith, S. Feiman-Marcus, D. J. McIntyre, & K. E. Demers (Eds.), Handbook of research on teacher education: Enduring questions in changing contexts (pp. 706–731). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, T., & Martin, A. (2016). Exploring the complex concept of quality in teacher education. In J. Loughran & M. L. Hamilton (Eds.), International handbook of teacher Education (pp. 143–180). Singapore: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Samaras, A. P. (2011a). Self-study methods: Why and how. In A. P. Samaras (Ed.), Self-study teacher research: Improving your practice through collaborative inquiry (pp. 87–110). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samaras, A. P. (2011b). Collect data. In A. P. Samaras (Ed.), Self-study teacher research: Improving your practice through collaborative inquiry (pp. 173–196). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samaras, A. P., & Freese, A. R. (2009). Looking back and looking forward: An historical overview of the self-study school. In C. A. Lassonde, S. Galman, & C. Kosnik (Eds.), Self-Study Research Methodologies for Teacher Educators (pp. 3–19). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schön, D. A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schön, D. A. (1995). The new scholarship requires a new epistemology. Change, 27(6), 26–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segall, A. (2002). Disturbing practice: Reading teacher education as text. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K., & Tillema, H. (2003). Clarifying different types of portfolio use. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 28(6), 625–648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Teitel, L. (1998). Separations, divorces, and open marriages in professional development school partnerships. Journal of Teacher Education, 49, 85–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Theobald, P., & Curtiss, J. (2000). Communities as curricula. Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy, 15(1), 106–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tidwell, D., Heston, M., & Fitzgerald, L. (2009). Methods for self-study of practice. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, R. W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, N. D., Cool, R., MacIsaac, K., & Stogre, T. (2017). ePortfolios as over-arching high impact practices for degree programs. The AAEEBL ePortfolio Review, 1(3), 36–45. Available online at: http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.aaeebl.org/resource/resmgr/aepr_/AePR_v1n3.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade, R. C., & Yarbrough, D. B. (1996). Portfolios: A tool for reflective thinking in teacher education? Teaching and Teacher Education, 12(1), 63–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wade, A., Abrami, P. C., & Sclater, J. (2005). An electronic portfolio to support learning. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 31, 3. Retrieved from: https://www.cjlt.ca/index.php/cjlt/article/view/26489/19671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wideen, M., Mayer-Smith, J., & Moon, B. (1998). A critical analysis of the research on learning to teach: Making the case for an ecological perspective on inquiry. Review of Educational Research, 68(2), 130–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, S. (1996). Understanding the experience of instructional development. In J. Richards & T. Russell (Eds.), Empowering our future in teacher education: Proceedings of the first international conference on self-study of teacher education practices. Kingston: Queen’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodhouse, J. L., & Knapp, C. E. (2000). Place-based curriculum and instruction: Outdoor and environmental education approaches. Charleston: ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. R. (2002). ‘E-portfolios’ could give students a new sense of their accomplishments. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 48(26), A31–A32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeichner, K., & Tabatchnik, B. (1981). Are the effects of university teacher education “washed out” by school experiences? Journal of Teacher Education, 32, 7–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeichner, K., & Wray, S. (2001). The teaching portfolio in US teacher education programs: What we know and what we need to know. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(5), 613–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kevin O’Connor .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

O’Connor, K., Sterenberg, G., Vaughan, N. (2019). Portfolio and Self-Study. In: Kitchen, J., Berry, A., Guðjónsdóttir, H., Bullock, S., Taylor, M., Crowe, A. (eds) 2nd International Handbook of Self-Study of Teaching and Teacher Education. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1710-1_38-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1710-1_38-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-1710-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1710-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education

Publish with us

Policies and ethics