Abstract
The incidence of affirmative action policies has occurred most frequently in internally heterogeneous states marked by deep ethno-cultural divisions and in which one of the ethno-cultural communities tended to dominate the rest. The response has led to the adoption of affirmative action programs to rectify old wrongs and eradicate injustices and extend benefits and provide special preferences toward establishing a new, just, and equal society. Alternative views of equality and justice undergird much of the controversy over affirmative action. Justice and equality are commonly shared calls evoked by both proponents and opponents of affirmative action. However, there are no universal and generally accepted set of values which define justice and equality. Lacking commensurability, rival meanings are almost always caught up in contentious struggles over power and resources in affirmative action programs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Anderson TH (2004) The pursuit of fairness: a history of affirmative action. Oxford University Press, New York
Campbell T (2000) Justice. Macmillan, London
Cohen C (1998) The corruption that is group preference. Acad Quest 11(summer):14–22
Cohen C, Sterba J (2003) Affirmative action and racial preferences: a debate. Oxford University Press, New York
Fullinwider RK (1975) Preferential hiring and compensation. Soc Theory Pract 3(spring):307–320
Fullinwider RK (1980) The reverse discrimination controversy: a moral and legal analysis. Rowman and Littlefield, Totowa
Glazer N (1975) Affirmative discrimination: ethnic inequality and public policy. Basic Books, New York
Glazer N (1983) Individual rights and group rights. In: Glazer N (ed) Ethnic dilemmas. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Goldman A (1976) Affirmative action. Philos Public Aff 5(winter):178–195
Goldman A (1979) Justice and reverse discrimination. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Gomez T (2012) In: Premdas R (ed) Affirmative action, ethnicity, and conflict. Routledge, London
Gomez T, Premdas R (eds) (2012) Introduction: affirmative action, horizontal inequality and equitable development, in Gomez and Premdas, op.cit.
Guinier L, Sturm S (2001) Who’s qualified? Beacon Press, Boston
Gupta D (1998) Recasting reservations in the language of rights. In: Mahajan G (ed) Democracy, difference, and social justice. Oxford, Mumbai,Ibid.p.509
Katznelson I (2005) When affirmative action was white: an untold history of racial inequality in the twentieth century America. W.W. Norton, New York
Kellough JE (2006) Understanding affirmative action: politics, discrimination, and the search for justice. Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC
Loury G (1987) Why should we care about group inequality. In: Miller P, Ahrens J (eds) Equal opportunity. Basil Blackwell, Oxford
Nagel T (1973) Equal treatment and compensatory discrimination. Philos Public Aff 2(summer):348–363
Nozick R (1972) Anarchy, state, and utopia. Blackwell Publishers, London
Parikh S (2012) Poverty, equality, and affirmative action in India, in Gomez and Premdas, op.cit.
Patterson O (1998) The ordeal of integration: progress and resentment in America. Basic Civitas books, Washington DC
Phillips A (1996) Which equalities matter? Polity Press, London
Pojman L (1992) The moral status of affirmative action. Public Aff Q 6(April):181–206
Pojman L (1998) The case against affirmative action. Int J Appl Philos 12(spring):97–115
Premdas R (2010) Ethnic conflict. In: Collins PH, Solomos J (eds) The Sage handbook of race and ethnic studies. Sage, London
Premdas R (2016) Social justice and affirmative action, review. Ethn Racial Stud 39(3):449–462
Ratuva S (2013) Politics of preferential development: trans-global study of affirmative action and ethnic conflict in Fiji, Malaysia and South Africa. Australian University Press, Canberra
Rawls J (1971) A theory of justice. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Rosenfeld M (1991) Affirmative action and justice: a philosophical and constitutional inquiry. Yale University Press, New Haven
Ryan A (1993) Justice. Oxford University Press, London
Sen A (1992) Inequality examined. Sage, London
Sher G (1979) Reverse discrimination, the future, and the past. Ethics 90(October):81–87
Sheth DL (1997) Reservations Policy Revisited in Democracy, Difference and Social Justice edited by Gurpreet Manhajan. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 489–508
Skrentny JD (1996) The ironies of affirmative action: politics, culture, and justice in America. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Skrentny JD (ed) (2001) Color lines: affirmative action, immigration, and civil rights options for America. university of Chicago Press, Chicago
Sowell T (2004) Affirmative action around the world. Yale University Press, New Haven
Sterba JP (2003) Defending affirmative action, defending preferences. J Soc Philos 34(June):285–300
Taylor C (1994) The politics of recognition. In: Guttman A (ed) Multiculturalism. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Waltzer M (1983) Spheres of justice: a defense of pluralism and equality. Basic Books, New York
Westen P (1985) The concept of equality. Ethics 95:830–850
Young IM (1990) Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Premdas, R. (2019). Affirmative Action: Its Nature and Dynamics. In: Ratuva, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0242-8_141-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0242-8_141-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0242-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-0242-8
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Political Science and International StudiesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences