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Biomarkers in Kidney Disease pp 811–829Cite as

Biomarkers of Renal Microthrombosis in Lupus Nephritis

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Abstract

The involvement of the kidneys, or lupus nephritis, develops in 30–50 % of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although some clinical variables have prognostic value, histological information obtained from biopsies continues to be indispensable for classification and outcome prediction, including the status of renal vascular lesions. In this chapter, we describe main histological patterns of vasculopathies by using routine methods for light microscopy, electron microscopy, and direct immunofluorescence. Lastly, we report more sensitive and specific methods for immunohistochemistry detection of platelet aggregates. These procedures could help to better identify vascular involvement in patients with lupus nephritis.

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Abbreviations

aCL antibodies:

Anticardiolipin antibodies

ADAMTS-13:

Disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13

ANXA5:

Annexin A5

aPL antibodies:

Antiphospholipid antibodies

APS:

Antiphospholipid syndrome

APSN:

APS nephropathy

CEC:

Circulating endothelial cell

CV:

Cardiovascular

DIF:

Direct immunofluorescence

EM:

Electron microscopy

GN:

Glomerulonephritis

GP:

Glycoproteins

H&E:

Hematoxylin and eosin

HUS:

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

IC:

Immunocomplex

IF:

Immunofluorescence

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

LA:

Lupus anticoagulant

LM:

Light microscopy

LN:

Lupus nephritis

MHA:

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

PAS:

Periodic acid-Schiff

RAS:

Renal artery stenosis

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

sTM:

Soluble thrombomodulin

TMA:

Thrombotic microangiopathy

TTP:

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

VCAM-1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

VWFCP:

Von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba sn., 28041, Madrid, Spain

    María Galindo-Izquierdo, Elena Gonzalo-Gil & José Luis Pablos-Álvarez

  2. Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba sn., 28041, Madrid, Spain

    Oscar Toldos

Authors
  1. María Galindo-Izquierdo
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  2. Elena Gonzalo-Gil
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  3. Oscar Toldos
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  4. José Luis Pablos-Álvarez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to María Galindo-Izquierdo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. DeptofBiomedlSci,FacltyofSci&Technology, University of Westminster , London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Galindo-Izquierdo, M., Gonzalo-Gil, E., Toldos, O., Pablos-Álvarez, J.L. (2016). Biomarkers of Renal Microthrombosis in Lupus Nephritis. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Kidney Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7699-9_6

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