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Biomarkers in Kidney Disease pp 53–68Cite as

Peritoneal Effluent Biomarker Discovery in Peritoneal Dialysis: The Omics Era

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Abstract

One of the main renal replacement treatment modalities for patients with end-stage renal diseases is peritoneal dialysis (PD). In PD therapy, the peritoneum is used as an intracorporeal dialysis system. The monitoring of intraperitoneal events is hampered by the absence of serial peritoneal biopsies. However, the acquisition of peritoneal effluent is simple and usually occurs after a predefined dwell or if possible after a standardized peritoneal function test. This peritoneal effluent is composed of several proteins and metabolites, which modifies accordingly due to intraperitoneal events. To date, peritoneal effluent biomarker discovery is evolving with a holistic perspective. The rise of applying suffix -omics technologies within PD therapy introduced a more exploratory approach for the identification of candidate effluent biomarkers. The application of genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics with the peritoneal effluent as biospecimen is however still in its infancy.

The emerging field of omics techniques as tools for peritoneal effluent biomarker discovery is presented in this chapter. The high sensitivity of omics technologies requires stringent conditions, and therefore methodological precautions must be undertaken on laboratory technical level, appropriate selection of study design and population, as well as data analysis. For this reason, methodological considerations for conducting omics-based PD research and the current developments with regard to the usage of these disciplines are addressed. Lastly, a summary is given on the available literature concerning the usage of omics techniques with the peritoneal effluent as a liquid biopsy within PD therapy.

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Abbreviations

2D-DIGE:

Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis

Biobank:

Biological bank

Biomarker:

Biological marker

CAPD:

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CV:

Coefficient of variation

DN:

Diabetic nephropathy

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immuno assay

EPS:

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis

GN:

Glomerulonephritis

GWAS:

Genome-wide association studies

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NECOSAD:

Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NRI:

Net reclassification index

PD:

Peritoneal dialysis

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

ROC curve:

Receiver operating characteristic curve

SNPs:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

SOP:

Standard operating procedures

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Room A3-274, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Deirisa Lopes Barreto

  2. Division of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Room Q01-127, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Dirk G. Struijk

Authors
  1. Deirisa Lopes Barreto
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  2. Dirk G. Struijk
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deirisa Lopes Barreto .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. DeptofBiomedlSci,FacltyofSci&Technology, University of Westminster , London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Lopes Barreto, D., Struijk, D.G. (2016). Peritoneal Effluent Biomarker Discovery in Peritoneal Dialysis: The Omics Era. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Kidney Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7699-9_15

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