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General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications pp 613–633Cite as

Urinary Biomarkers of Environmental Health: Jet Fuel

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Abstract

Urinary biomarkers of exposure have become an important tool for use in exposure assessment for occupations involving the use of jet fuel. Aircraft mechanics, fuel handlers, and workers on air bases and airports are exposed to jet fuel. The health effects of jet fuel exposure include skin irritation and dermatitis for direct skin contact and various neurophysiological problems including headache, general fatigue, and poor concentration from vapor exposure. A number of immunosuppressive effects have been seen after exposure to some formulations of jet fuel. The health effects of the many components of jet fuel have been described extensively in the toxicology literature. Since jet fuel is a complex mixture of chemicals, it also represents a challenge in choosing appropriate and accurate biomarkers of exposure. Urinary metabolic biomarkers are the best choice for exposure assessment; metabolites of naphthalene, benzene, and toluene are particularly well suited for accurate exposure biomarkers. (2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic acid is also well suited for JP-8 specifically owing to its unique formulation package. Jet fuel health hazards are a continuing health concern from the fuel’s widespread use in modern society; thus, jet fuel urinary biomarkers of exposure are vital tools to study the occupational environment and reduce worker exposure.

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Abbreviations

BEI:

Biological Exposure Indices

BMA:

S-Benzylmercapturic Acid

CYP2E1:

Cytochrome P450, Family 2, Subfamily E, Polypeptide 1

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

FID:

Flame Ionization Detector

GC:

Gas Chromatography

GST:

Glutathione S-Transferase

GT:

Glucuronyl Transferase

HPLC:

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

MBMA:

S-Methylbenzylmercapturic Acid

MEAA:

(2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic Acid

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

MS:

Mass spectrometry or Mass Spectrometer

NQO1:

NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase, Quinone 1

PAH:

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon

PMA:

S-Phenylmercapturic Acid

SPE:

Solid-Phase Extraction

t,t-MA:

Trans,trans-Muconic Acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular and Genetics Monitoring Team, Department of Applied Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Taft Laboratories, C-23, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA

    Clayton B’Hymer

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  1. Clayton B’Hymer
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Correspondence to Clayton B’Hymer .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Faculty of Science & Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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The findings and conclusions in this chapter are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mention of company names and/or products does not constitute an endorsement by NIOSH.

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B’Hymer, C. (2015). Urinary Biomarkers of Environmental Health: Jet Fuel. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7696-8_8

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