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General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications pp 841–859Cite as

Hemostatic Biomarkers: Future Prospects and Challenges

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Abstract

Biomarkers are useful parameters for the detection of certain diseases or their pathophysiological effects. The applications of hemostatic biomarkers in clinical practice are limited by many factors although tremendous works have been done in this area. The associations between candidate hemostatic biomarkers and various clinical conditions have been studied and found promising, for example, in applying risk estimation of certain complications or disease occurrence. It is important to select the most suitable hemostatic biomarkers to be incorporated in the standard practices. The examples of various studies on hemostatic parameters are discussed here to gain insight on this topic, highlighting the advantages of applying these potential biomarkers in clinical practice. One of the good examples of hemostatic biomarkers that had been successfully included in clinical practice is D-dimer (DD), which is useful as a predictive tool for diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The clinical conditions potentially benefitted from these biomarkers include cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and malignant disorders, for example, in predicting the clinical outcomes postthrombotic episode or for risk estimation of acute vascular event. The challenges remained to be overcome especially in determining the usefulness of these hemostatic markers in various clinical conditions whether as a diagnostic tool or prognostic indicator or for assessment of treatment response. The application of these hemostatic biomarkers in medical practice should be in parallel with the best possible management and treatment strategies in order to improve the disease outcomes.

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Abbreviations

ACS:

Acute Coronary Syndrome

APC-R:

Activated Protein C Resistance

APTT:

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

AT:

Antithrombin

CHF:

Chronic Heart Failure

DD:

D-Dimer

DIC:

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

F1+2:

Prothrombin Fragment 1 and 2

Factor XIIIa:

Activated Factor XIII

FDP:

Fibrin/Fibrinogen Degradation Products

FVIIa:

Activated Factor VII

MP:

Microparticle

PAI-1:

Plasminogen Activator-1

PT:

Prothrombin Time

SCAD:

Stable Coronary Artery Disease

TAFI:

Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolytic Inhibitor

TAT:

Thrombin Antithrombin Complex

TF:

Tissue Factor

TFPI:

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

t-PA:

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

VTE:

Venous Thromboembolism

vWF:

von Willebrand Factor

β-TG:

β-Thromboglobulin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Haematology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Wan Zaidah Abdullah

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  1. Wan Zaidah Abdullah
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Correspondence to Wan Zaidah Abdullah .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Faculty of Science & Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Abdullah, W.Z. (2015). Hemostatic Biomarkers: Future Prospects and Challenges. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7696-8_50

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