Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase as a Biomarker of Bone Remodeling

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Biomarkers in Bone Disease

  • 1212 Accesses

Abstract

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) is an enzyme abundantly expressed in tissues such as the bone, spleen, liver, lungs, and skin. It has two isoforms, namely, TRACP 5a and TRACP 5b. TRACP 5a is specific for the placenta and lungs, whereas TRACP 5b is exclusive to the bone, spleen, thymus, kidney, colon, and brain. This chapter discusses the physiological functions as well as the pathological conditions associated with TRACP. While TRACP 5a is a prognostic marker for chronic inflammation, TRCAP 5b is a marker of osteoclast number. Plethora of studies revealed its importance in treatment monitoring, owing to absence of diurnal fluctuations, food effect, and accumulation in renal and liver impairment. Through this work, an effort has been made to collate the scientific information on the role and mechanism of TRACP in bone resorption and its advantages over other bone markers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AOD2:

Type II autosomal dominant osteopetrosis

AP:

Acid phosphatase

BMPs:

Bone morphogenetic protein

Cbfa1:

Core-binding factor alpha 1

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CTX:

Collagen-type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide

FSD:

Functional secretory domain

FSD:

Functional secretory domain

GLP-2:

Glucagon-like peptide 2

HRT:

Hormone replacement therapy

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor 1

IgM:

Immunoglobulin M

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

kD:

Kilo Dalton

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

NTX:

Amino-terminal collagen cross-link

OA:

Osteoarthritis

ODF:

Osteoclast differentiation factor

OPGL:

Osteoprotegerin ligand

PAP:

Plant acid phosphatase

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

RANKL:

Receptor-activated nuclear factor kappa ligand

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TGF-β:

Tumor growth factor β

TRACP:

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase

TRANCE:

Tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine

References

  • Adams LM, Warburton MJ, Hayman AR. Human breast cancer cell lines and tissues express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Cell Biol Int. 2007;31:191–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alatalo SL, Ivaska KK, Peng Z, et al. Serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b and osteocalcin in naturally occurring osteopetrotic rats. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;2 Suppl 18:119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alatalo SL, Ivaska KK, Waguespack SG, et al. Osteoclast derived serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b in Albers-Schonberg disease (type II autosomal dominant osteopetrosis). Clin Chem. 2004;50:883–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Araujo CL, Vihko PT. Structure of acid phosphatases. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;1053:155–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Avbersek-Luznik I, Balon BP, Rus I, et al. Increased bone resorption in HD patients: is it caused by elevated RANKL synthesis? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20:566–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brehme CS, Roman S, Shaffer J, et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase forms complexes with a-macroglobulin in serum. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14:311–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bull H, Murray PG, Thomas D, Fraser AM, Nelson PN. Acid phosphatases. J Clin Pathol: Mol Pathol. 2002;55:65–72.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capeller B, Caffier H, Sutterlin MW, et al. Evaluation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b as serum marker of bone metastases in human breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 2003;23:1011–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chao TY, Ho CL, Lee SH, et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b as a serum marker of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. J Biomed Sci. 2004;11:511–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chao CY, Lee SH, Chen MM, Neustadt DH, Chaudhry UA, Yam LT, Janckila AJ. Development of immunoassays for serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5a. Clin Chim Acta. 2005;359:132–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chao T, Wu Y, Janckila AJ. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP 5b) as a serum maker for cancer with bone metastasis. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411:1553–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chellaiah MA, Kizer N, Biswas R, Alvarez U, Strauss-Schoenberger J, Rifas L, Rittling SR, Denhardt DT, Hruska KA. Osteopontin deficiency produces osteoclast dysfunction due to reduced CD44 surface expression. Mol Biol Cell. 2003;14(1):173–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chu P, Chao TY, Lin YF, et al. Correlation between histomorphometric parameters of bone resorption and serum type 5b tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41:1052–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark SA, Ambrose WW, Anderson TR, et al. Ultrastructural localization of tartrate-resistant, purple acid phosphatase in rat osteoclasts by histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. J Bone Miner Res. 1989;4:399–405.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delmas PD, Eastell R, Garnero P, Seibel MJ, Stepan J. The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis. Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(6):S2–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Efstratiadis T, Moss DW. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in human alveolar macrophages. Enzyme. 1985;34:140–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ek-Rylander B, Flores M, Wendal M, et al. Dephosphorylation of osteopontin and bone sialoprotein by osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Modulation of osteoclast adhesion in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:14853–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ek-Rylander B, Barkhem T, Ljusberg J, Ohman L, Andersson KK, Andersson G. Comparative studies of rat recombinant purple acid phosphatase and bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Biochem J. 1997;15(321):305–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fagerlund K. Osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b. Diagnostic use and biological significance in bone physiology. Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku and the National Graduate School of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Biomaterials (TBGS). 2009; Supervised by: Professor H. Kalervo Väänänen and Adjunct Professor Jussi M. Halleen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fohr B, Woitage H, Seibel M. Molecular markers of bone turnover. Basic and analytical aspects. Chapter 8. In: Orwoll ES, Bliziotes M, editors. Osteoporosis: pathophysiology and clinical management. Springer science + business media; Totowa, NJ 07512 USA: Humana Press. 2003. pp 163–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funhoff EG, Ljusberg J, Wang Y, Andersson G, Averill BA. Mutational analysis of the interaction between active site residues and the loop region in mammalian purple acid phosphatases. Biochemistry. 2001;40:11614–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Funhoff EG, de Jongh TE, Averill BA. Direct observation of multiple protonation states in recombinant human purple acid phosphatase. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2005;10:550–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerdhem P, Ivaska KK, Alatalo SL, et al. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism and prediction of fracture in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19:386–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hadjidakis DJ, Androulakis II. Bone remodeling. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2006;1092:385–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halleen JM, Karp M, Viloma S, et al. Two-site immunoassays for osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase based on characterization of six monoclonal antibodies. J Bone Miner Res. 1999a;14:464–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halleen JM, Räisänen S, Salo JJ, et al. Intracellular fragmentation of bone resorption products by reactive oxygen species generated by osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. J Biol Chem. 1999b;274:22907–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halleen JM, Alatalo SL, Janckila AJ, et al. Serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b is a specific and sensitive marker of bone resorption. Clin Chem. 2001;47:597–600.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halleen JM, Ylipahkala H, Alatalo SL, et al. Serum tartrate -resistant acid phosphatase 5b, but not 5a, correlates with other markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density. Calcif Tissue Int. 2002;71:20–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halleen JM, Räisänen SR, Alatalo SL, et al. Potential function for the ROS-generating activity of TRACP. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(10):1908–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halleen JM, Tiitinen SL, Ylipahkala H, et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) as a marker of bone resorption. Clin Lab. 2006;52(9–10):499–509.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hannon RA, Clowes JA, Eagleton AC, et al. Clinical performance of immunoreactive tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b as a marker of bone resorption. Bone. 2004;34:187–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hansdottir H, Franzson L, Prestwood K, et al. The effect of raloxifene on markers of bone turnover in older women living in long-term care facilities. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52:779–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayman AR. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and the osteoclast/immune cell dichotomy. Autoimmunity. 2008;41(3):218–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayman AR, Cox TM. Purple acid phosphatase of the human macrophage and osteoclast. Characterization, molecular properties, and crystallization of the recombinant di-iron-oxo protein secreted by baculovirus-infected insect cells. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:1294–300.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayman AR, Cox TM. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase knockout mice. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(10):1905–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayman AR, Warburton MJ, Pringle JA, et al. Purification and characterization of a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from human osteoclastomas. Biochem J. 1989;261:601–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hayman AR, Jones SJ, Boyde A, et al. Mice lacking tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (ACP5) have disrupted endochondral ossification and mild osteopetrosis. Development. 1997;122:3151–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayman AR, Bune AJ, Bradley JR, et al. Osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Acp 5): its localization to dendritic cells and diverse murine tissues. J Histochem Cytochem. 2000a;48:219–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayman AR, Bune AJ, Cox TM. Widespread expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Acp 5) in the mouse embryo. J Anat. 2000b;196(Pt 3):433–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen DB, Alexandersen P, Hartmann B, et al. GLP-2 administration attenuates nocturnal bone resorption in postmenopausal women: a 14-day study. J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20 Suppl 1:1225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Honig A, Rieger L, Kapp M, et al. Increased tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression in malignant breast, ovarian and melanoma tissue: an investigational study. BMC Cancer. 2006;6:199.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Janckila AJ, Woodford TA, Lam KW, et al. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity of hairy cell tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Leukemia. 1992;6:199–203.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janckila AJ, Takahashi K, Sun SZ, et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b as serum marker for osteoclastic activity. Clin Chem. 2001;47:74–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janckila AJ, Neustadt DH, Nakasato YR, et al. Serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoforms in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta. 2002;320:49–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janckila AJ, Parthasarathy RN, Parthasarathy LK, et al. Properties and expression of human tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5a by monocyte-derived cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2005;77:209–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janckila AJ, Neustadt DH, Yam LT. Significance of serum TRACP in rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23:1287–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janckila AJ, Lin HF, Wu YY, et al. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5a (TRACP5a) as a potential risk marker in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta. 2011;412:963.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson RB, Henderson JS. Enhancement by sodium orthovanadate of the formation and mineralization of bone nodules by chick osteoblasts in vitro. Arch Oral Biol. 1997;42:271–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung K, Lein M, Stephan C, et al. Comparison of 10 serum bone turnover markers in prostate carcinoma patients with bone metastatic spread: diagnostic and prognostic implications. Int J Cancer. 2004;111:783–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaija H, Alatalo SL, Halleen JM, et al. Phosphatase and oxygen radical-generating activities of mammalian purple acid phosphatase are functionally independent. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002;292:128–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalervo VH, Zhao H, Mulari M, Halleen JM. The cell biology of osteoclast function. J Cell Sci. 2000;113:377–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kini U, Nandeesh BN. Physiology of bone formation, remodeling, and metabolism. In: Fogelman I, editor. Radionuclide and hybrid bone imaging. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 29–57.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Klabunde T, Sträter N, Krebs B, et al. Structural relationship between the mammalian Fe(III)-Fe(II) and the Fe(III)-Zn(II) plant purple acid phosphatases. FEBS Lett. 1995;367(1):56–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi M, Takahashi S, Ogata E. Comparison of serum bone resorption markers in the diagnosis of skeletal metastasis. Anticancer Res. 2003;23:4095–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kong YY, Yoshida H, Sarosi I, et al. OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis. Nature. 1999;397:315–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lam KW, Li CY, Yam LT, et al. Comparison of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in Gaucher’s disease and leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Clin Biochem. 1981;14:177–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LÃ¥ng P, Schultzberg M, Andersson G. Expression and distribution of tartrate-resistant purple acid phosphatase in the rat nervous system. J Histochem Cytochem. 2001;49(3):379–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee HB, Alam MR, Seol JW, et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in early stages of canine osteoarthritis. Vet Med. 2008;53(4):214–20.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li CY, Yam LT, Lam KW. Studies of acid phosphatase isoenzymes in human leukocytes demonstration of isoenzyme cell specificity. J Histochem Cytochem. 1970a;18(12):901–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li CY, Yam LT, Lam KW. Acid phosphatase isoenzyme in human leukocytes in normal and pathologic conditions. J Histochem Cytochem. 1970b;18(7):473–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li YP, Chen W, Liang Y, et al. Atp6I-deficient mice exhibit severe osteopetrosis due to loss of osteoclast-mediated extracellular acidification. Nat Genet. 1999;23:4447–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ljusberg J, Ek-Rylander B, Andersson G. Tartrate-resistant purple acid phosphatase is synthesized as a latent proenzyme and activated by cysteine proteinases. Biochem J. 1999;343(Pt 1):63–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Llyod JB, Mason RW. Subcellular Chemistry, Biology of the Lysosome, vol. 27. Boston: Springer US; 1996: Imprint : Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyubimova NV, Pashkov MV, Tyulyandin SA, et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a marker of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2004;138:77–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Minkin C. Bone acid phosphatase: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a marker of osteoclast function. Calcif Tissue Int. 1982;34:285–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mose S, Menzel C, Kurth AA, et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b as serum marker of bone metabolism in cancer patients. Anticancer Res. 2003;23(3C):2783–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moss GP. Enzyme Nomenclature. Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology on the Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes by the Reactions they Catalyse. Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB). In consultation with the IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/. Accessed on Nov 2015.

  • Nenonen A, Cheng S, Ivaska KK, et al. Serum TRACP 5b is a useful marker for monitoring alendronate treatment: comparison with other markers of bone turnover. J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20:1804–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nesbitt S, Nesbit A, Helfrich, et al. Biochemical characterisation of human osteoclast integrins. Osteoclasts express αvβ3, α2β1 and αvβ1 integrins. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:16737–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nesbitt SA, Horton MA. Trafficking of matrix collagens through bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Science. 1997;276(5310):266–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Amodio S, Jansen DC, Tigchelaar-Gutter W, et al. Endocytosis of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase by osteoblast-like cells is followed by inactivation of the enzyme. Calcif Tissue Int. 2006;78(4):248–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phan TCA, Xu J, Zheng MH. Interaction between osteoblast and osteoclast: impact in bone disease. Histol Histopathol. 2004;19:1325–44.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reichel H, Esser A, Roth HJ, et al. Influence of PTH assay methodology on differential diagnosis of renal bone disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18:759–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinholt FP, Mengarelli-Widholm S, Ek-Rylander B, et al. Ultrastructural localisation of tartrate-resistant acid ATPase in bone. J Bone Miner Res. 1990;5:1055–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rico H, Villa LF. Serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) as a biochemical marker of bone remodelling. Calcif Tissue Int. 1993;52:149–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rissanen JP, Suominen MI, Peng Z, Halleen JM. Secreted tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b is a marker of osteoclast number in human osteoclast cultures and the rat ovariectomy model. Calcif Tissue Int. 2008;82(2):108–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson DB, Glew RH. Acid phosphatase in Gaucher’s disease. Clin Chem. 1980;26:371–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbrock H, Seifert-Klauss V, Kaspar S, et al. Changes of biochemical bone markers during the menopausal transition. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002;40:143–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salminen E, Ala-Houhala M, Korpela J, et al. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) as a marker of skeletal changes in prostate cancer. Acta Oncol. 2005;44:742–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schlosnagle DC, Bazer FW, Tsibris JC, et al. An iron-containing phosphatase induced by progesterone in the uterine fluids of pigs. J Biol Chem. 1974;249:7574–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheu TJ, Schwarz EM, Martinez DA, et al. A phage display technique identifies a novel regulator of cell differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:438–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sibille JC, Doi K, Aisen P. Hydroxyl radical formation and ironbinding proteins. Stimulation by the purple acid phosphatases. J Biol Chem. 1987;262:59–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silver IA, Murrills RJ, Etherington DJ. Microelectrode studies on the acid microenvironment beneath adherent macrophages and osteoclasts. Exp Cell Res. 1988;175(2):266–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sodek J, Ganss B, McKee MD. Osteopontin. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2000;11(3):279–303.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solberg LB, Brorson S, Stordalen GA. Increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes in experimental osteoporosis in rats. Calci Tissue Int. 2014;94(5):510–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinbeck MJ, Jr Appel WH, Verhoeven AJ, et al. NADPH-oxidase expression and in situ production of superoxide by osteoclasts actively resorbing bone. J Clin Biol. 1994;126:765–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stepan JJ, Silinkova-Malkova E, Havranek T, et al. Relationship of plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase to the bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase in hyperparathyroidism. Clin Chim Acta. 1983;133:189–200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K, Janckila AJ, Sun SZ, et al. Electrophoretic study of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoforms in endstage renal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta. 2000;301:147–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teitelbaum SL. Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science. 2000;289(5484):1504–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terpos E, de la Fuente J, Szydlo R, et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b; a novel serum marker for monitoring bone disease in multiple myeloma. Int J Cancer. 2003a;106:455–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terpos E, Samarkos M, Meletis C, et al. Unusual association between increased bone resorption and presence of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria phenotype in multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol. 2003b;7:344–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terpos E, Viniou N, de la Fuente J, et al. Pamidronate is superior to ibandronate in decreasing bone resorption, interleukin-6 and beta 2-microglobulin in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol. 2003c;70:34–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terpos E, Polito M, Szydlo R, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation normalizes abnormal bone remodeling and sRANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio in patients with multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2004;18:1420–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Torres R, de la Piedra C, Rapado A. Clinical usefulness of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in Paget’s disease of bone: correlation with other biochemical markers of bone remodelling. Calcif Tissue Int. 1991;49(1):14–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Välimäki MJ, Tähtelä R. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b or amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen for monitoring bisphosphonate therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis? Clin Chem. 2005;51:2382–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Norgard M, Andersson G. Nglycosylation influences the latency and catalytic properties of mammalian purple acid phosphatase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005;435:147–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woitge HW, Pecherstorfer M, Li Y, et al. Novel serum markers of bone resorption: clinical assessment and comparison with established urinary indices. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14:792–801.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yam LT, Li CY, Lam KW. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme in the reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. N Engl J Med. 1971;284:357.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto T, Nagai H. Ultrastructural localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in rat osteoblasts. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 1998;47(6):659–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yaziji H, Janckila AJ, Lear SC, Martin AW, Yam LT. Immunohistochemical detection of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase in non-hematopoietic human tissues. Am J Clin Pathol. 1995;104:397–402.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, 110062, New Delhi, India

    Divya Vohora & Bushra Parveen

Authors
  1. Divya Vohora
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bushra Parveen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Divya Vohora .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this entry

Cite this entry

Vohora, D., Parveen, B. (2017). Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase as a Biomarker of Bone Remodeling. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Bone Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7693-7_42

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation