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Kallikreins as Biomarkers in Human Malignancies

  • Reference work entry
Biomarkers in Cancer

  • 2003 Accesses

Abstract

The human tissue kallikrein and kallikrein-related peptidases are secreted serine proteases, which are expressed in a broad spectrum of tissues, fulfilling a plethora of physiological functions. During the past few years, the KLK family members have drawn a constantly increasing attention regarding their biomarker capabilities. The frequently observed deregulated KLK expression patterns in human malignancies, along with their active involvement in cancer pathobiology and the successful utilization of PSA/KLK3 in routine clinical practice, prompted researchers to evaluate the clinical significance of KLKs. KLK members have been proposed as tissue and/or serological biomarkers for early diagnosis, effective prognosis, and treatment monitoring of cancer patients. This chapter presents an overview of the current knowledge concerning the immense potential of KLKs as biomarkers in human malignancies.

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Abbreviations

%fPSA:

Ratio of fPSA to Total PSA

AD:

Alzheimer’s Disease

ALL:

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

BC:

Breast Cancer

BPH:

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

CA125:

Cancer Antigen 125

CaP:

Prostate Cancer

CAP18:

Cationic Antimicrobial Protein 18

CC:

Cervical Cancer

CNS:

Central Nervous System

CRC:

Colorectal Cancer

DFS:

Disease-Free Survival

ECM:

Extracellular Matrix

EMT:

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

ER:

Estrogen Receptor

fPSA:

Free PSA

GC:

Gastric Cancer

IGFBPs:

Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins

IGFs:

Insulin-like Growth Factors

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

KLKs:

Kallikreins

LEKTI:

Lymphoepithelial Kazal-Type-Related Inhibitor

MMPs:

Matrix Metalloproteinases

MS:

Multiple Sclerosis

NAF:

Nipple Aspirate Fluid

NS:

Netherton Syndrome

NSCLC:

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

OC:

Ovarian Cancer

OS:

Overall Survival

PARs:

Proteinase-Activated Receptors

PCR:

Polymerase Chain Reaction

PD:

Parkinson’s Disease

PR:

Progesterone Receptor

PSA/KLK3:

Prostate-Specific Antigen

RCC:

Renal Cell Carcinoma

REG4:

Regenerating Islet-Derived Family, Member 4

SNPs:

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms

SPINK5:

Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kazal-Type 5

TC:

Testicular Cancer

tPSA:

Total PSA

uPA-uPAR:

Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Its Receptor

UPSC:

Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma

UTR:

Untranslated Region

VTCN1:

V-Set Domain-Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Kleita Michaelidou & Athina Kladi-Skandali

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, School of Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Andreas Scorilas

Authors
  1. Kleita Michaelidou
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  2. Athina Kladi-Skandali
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  3. Andreas Scorilas
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Correspondence to Andreas Scorilas .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Scien, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Faculty of Science & Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Michaelidou, K., Kladi-Skandali, A., Scorilas, A. (2015). Kallikreins as Biomarkers in Human Malignancies. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Cancer. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7681-4_18

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