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Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Predicting Prognosis and Therapeutic Response

  • Reference work entry
Biomarkers in Cancer

  • 1988 Accesses

Abstract

Significant advances in chemotherapeutics over the past decade have seen a doubling in the median survival time of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, this comes at the cost of toxicity to the patient and financial burden to the community. Biomarkers to predict disease course and treatment response are therefore of major importance so as to allow for the judicious selection of treatment candidates and agents and doses. This review seeks to summarize the current markers available for the prediction of prognosis and treatment response in metastatic colorectal cancer.

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Abbreviations

5-FU:

5-fluorouracil

ASCO:

American Society of Clinical Oncology

BMI:

Body Mass Index

BSA:

Body Surface Area

CRP:

C-Reactive Protein

DACH:

Diaminocyclohexane

DFS:

Disease-Free Survival

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DPD:

Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase

EGFR:

Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor

ERCC-1:

Excision Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1

GPS:

Glasgow Prognosis Score

GST:

Glutathione-S-Transferase

HIF-1α:

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α

KRAS :

Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene

LDH:

Lactate Dehydrogenase

mAb:

Monoclonal Antibody

MAPK:

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

mCRC:

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

MMR:

Mismatch Repair

MSI:

Microsatellite Instability

MSS:

Microsatellite Stability

MTHFR:

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase

NF-κβ:

Nuclear Factor-κβ

NLR:

Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio

NRAS :

Neuroblastoma Ras

OS:

Overall Survival

PD-ECGF:

Platelet-Derived Endothelial Cell Growth Factor

PFS:

Progression-Free Survival

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase

PLR:

Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio

RCT:

Randomized Controlled Trial

RNA:

Ribonucleic Acid

RR:

Response Rate

SNP:

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism

STAT3:

Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3

TCGA:

The Cancer Genome Atlas

THBS2 :

Thrombospondin-2

Topo-1:

Topoisomerase-1

TP:

Thymidine Phosphorylase

TS:

Thymidylate Synthase

UGT:

Uridine-Diphosphoglucuronosyl Transferase

VEGF:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

WT:

Wild Type

XPD:

Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group D

XRCC-1:

X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing Protein 1

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Acknowledgements

Connie Diakos is supported by a Cancer Institute NSW and Northern Translational Cancer Research Unit (NTCRU) Clinical Research Fellowship. Kellie Charles is supported by a Cancer Institute NSW Career Development Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia

    Connie I. Diakos, Viive M. Howell & Stephen J. Clarke

  2. School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia

    Kellie A. Charles

  3. Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia

    Wei Chua

Authors
  1. Connie I. Diakos
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  2. Kellie A. Charles
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  3. Wei Chua
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  4. Viive M. Howell
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  5. Stephen J. Clarke
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephen J. Clarke .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Scien, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Faculty of Science & Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Diakos, C.I., Charles, K.A., Chua, W., Howell, V.M., Clarke, S.J. (2015). Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Cancer. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7681-4_1

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