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New Role of Biomarkers in Atrial Fibrillation

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Book cover Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) confers a raised risk of stroke, thromboembolism, and death, and this risk of adverse events is increased by the coexistence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Despite being easy to use for decision-making concerning oral anticoagulant therapy in AF, different clinical risk scores used for stratification have shown modest capability in predicting thromboembolic events, and biomarkers may improve our identification of “high-risk” patients. Biomarkers significantly improve risk stratification in addition to current clinical risk stratification models. These new findings may enable development of novel tools to improve clinical risk assessment in AF. This chapter will highlight novel associations of biomarkers and outcomes in AF as well as recent progress in the use of biomarkers for risk stratification, with focus on data from randomized prospective clinical trials and large community-based cohorts.

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Abbreviations

AF:

Atrial fibrillation

ARISTOTLE trial:

Apixaban for the Prevention of Stroke in Subjects with Atrial Fibrillation trial

ATM:

Antithrombin III

BNP:

B-type natriuretic peptide

BTG:

Beta-thromboglobulin

BTP:

Beta-trace protein

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CRP:

C-reactive protein

DD:

D-dimer

F1+2:

Prothrombin fragment 1+2

FMD:

Flow-mediated dilatation

GDF-15:

Growth differentiation factor 15

GFR:

Glomerular filtration rate

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

INR:

International normalized ratio

LV:

Left ventricle

NT-proBNP:

The inactive N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide

OAC:

Oral anticoagulation

PAI-1:

Plasminogen activator inhibitor

PAP complexes:

Plasmin–antiplasmin complexes

RE-LY trial:

Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy trial

sE-sel:

Soluble E-selectin

SPAF III study:

The third Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation study

sTM:

Soluble thrombomodulin

TIA:

Transient ischemic attack

TnI:

Troponin I

TnT:

Troponin T

tPA:

Tissue plasminogen activator

vWF:

von Willebrand factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica-Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, Murcia, 30120, Spain

    Ana I. Rodríguez-Serrano, María A. Esteve-Pastor, Diana Hernández-Romero, Mariano Valdés & Francisco Marín

  2. Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica-Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Avenida Marqués de los Vélez, s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain

    Vanessa Roldán

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  1. Ana I. Rodríguez-Serrano
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  2. María A. Esteve-Pastor
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  3. Diana Hernández-Romero
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  4. Mariano Valdés
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  5. Vanessa Roldán
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  6. Francisco Marín
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Correspondence to Francisco Marín .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science & Technology , University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Rodríguez-Serrano, A.I., Esteve-Pastor, M.A., Hernández-Romero, D., Valdés, M., Roldán, V., Marín, F. (2016). New Role of Biomarkers in Atrial Fibrillation. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7678-4_36

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